Assessment of Wall Salinity in the Selection of Renovation Plaster Systems

• Autorzy: Panuś Arkadiusz

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.31648/ts.7092

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This article presents issues related to assessing the degree of wall salinity to select plaster systems for renovations of damp building walls. The most commonly used salt concentration tests pose many difficulties. If used uncritically, they risk failing to select the right system or its incorrect make. The accuracy of the colorimetric method for testing chloride, nitrate, and sulphate content was analysed to exemplify the magnitude of the problem. Both multi-salt solutions of known concentrations and unknown composition extracted from drillings in the walls of a historical facility were examined. A comparative methodology using ion chromatography as a standard was employed in the research. The analytical methods and the selected modules of the „Statistica” software were used to analyse data and present the results. The colorimetric method has been shown to distort salt concentration values, posing a risk of unsuccessful repair work on high-salinity walls. A method for determining the correction reducing the measurement error has been proposed. The factors affecting the error were also mentioned. Attention has also been drawn to the resolution and application of a method with a correct concentration range intended to improve work efficiency and optimize the costs incurred in renovating the salty wall.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

salinity analysis; colorimetry; salty wall; restoration plaster; ion chromatography

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie
• Czasopismo: Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: nr 24(1)
• Strony: 229--244
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Panuś Arkadiusz

• Katedra Budownictwa Ogólnego i Fizyki Budowli, Wydział Geoinżynierii, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski, ul. Heweliusza 4, 10-724 Olsztyn

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9817-0192

Bibliografia

• Bläuer Böhm C. 2005. Quantitative Salt Analysis in Conservation of Buildings. Restoration of Buildings and Monuments, 11(6): 409-418. https://doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2005-6001.
• Borrelli E. 1999. Introduction, Salts. In: ARC Laboratory Handbook. 1st ed. Eds. Ch. McDowall, C. Rockwell. ATEL S.p.A., 3: 3-24.
• Camuffo D. 2018. Standardization Activity in the Evaluation of Moisture Content. J. Cult. Herit., 31: S10-S14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2018.03.021.
• Charola A.E. 2000. Salts in the Deterioration of Porous Materials: An Overview. J. Am. Inst. Conserv., 39(3): 327-343. https://doi.org/10.2307/3179977.
• Doehne E. 2002. Salt Weathering: A Selective Review. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 205: 51-64. https:// doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.205.01.05.
• Domasłowski W. 2011. Zabytki kamienne i metalowe, ich niszczenie i konserwacja profilaktyczna. 1st ed. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Torun, p. 1-565.
• Franzoni E., Bandini S. 2012. Spontaneous Electrical Effects in Masonry Affected by Capillary Water Rise: The Role of Salts. Constr. Build. Mater., 35: 642-646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.098.
• Franzoni E., Bandini S. Graziani G. 2014. Rising Moisture, Salts and Electrokinetic Effects in Ancient Masonries: From Laboratory Testing to on-Site Monitoring. J. Cult. Herit., 15(2): 112-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2013.03.003.
• Franzoni E., Sandrolini F., Bandini S. 2011. An Experimental Fixture for Continuous Monitoring of Electrical Effects in Moist Masonry Walls. Constr. Build. Mater., 25(4): 2023-2029. https://doi. org/10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2010.11.047.
• Gaczek M., Fiszer S. 2014. Tynki Specjalne. Część 2. Builder, 6: 60-64.
• Gonçalves T.D. 2007. Salt Crystallization in Plastered or Rendered Walls. Thesis for the degree of PhD, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon.
• Gonçalves T.D., Rodrigues J.D., Abreu M.M., Esteves A.M., Silva A.S. 2006. Causes of Salt Decay and Repair of Plasters and Renders of Five Historic Buildings in Portugal. Proc. Int. Conf. Heritage, Weather. Conserv. HWC 2006, 1 (January): 273-284.
• Goudie A., Viles H. 1997. Salt Weathering Hazard. Wiley, Chichester, p. 1-256.
• Herodotus. 420BC. Book 2. The History of Herodotus, 2.
• Knop K. 2016. Wyprawy tynkarskie na bazie tynków renowacyjnych. Renowacje i Zabyt., 4: 186-187.
• Konca P., Maćkowiak A., Koniorczyk M. 2016. Renovation plaster as a protection against salt crystallization induced damage. J. Civ. Eng. Environ. Archit., 63(3): 177-184. https://doi.org/10.7862/rb.2016.199.
• Lubelli B.A.A. 2006. Sodium Chloride Damage to Porous Building Materials. Thesis for the degree of PhD, Delft University of Technology, Delf.
• Lubelli B., Cnudde V., Diaz-Goncalves T., Franzoni E., van Hees R.P.J., Ioannou I., Menendez B., Nunes C., Siedel H., Stefanidou M., Verges-Belmin V., Viles H. 2018. Towards a More Effective and Reliable Salt Crystallization Test for Porous Building Materials: State of the Art. Mater. Struct., 51(2): 55. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-018-1180-5.
• Luquer L.M. 1895. The Relative Effects of Frost and the Sulphate of Soda Efflorescence Tests on Building Stones. Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 33(1): 235-247. https://doi.org/10.1061/TACEAT.0001181.
• Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, P., Bakolas, A., Moropoulou, A. 2003. Physico-Chemical Study of Cretan Ancient Mortars. Cem. Concr. Res., 33 (5), 651-661. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01030-X.
• Nocoń M. 2016. System tynków renowacyjnych quick-mix. Renowacje i Zabyt., 4: 176-179.
• Oberta W., Łukaszewicz J.W. 2015. Badania soli rozpuszczalnych w wodzie za pomocą strefowej elektroforezy kapilarnej. Acta Univ. Nicolai Copernici, 46: 363-378. https://doi.org/10.12775/AUNC_ZiK.2015.014.
• Pavlíková M., Pavlík Z., Keppert M., Černý R. 2011. Salt Transport and Storage Parameters of Renovation Plasters and Their Possible Effects on Restored Buildings’ Walls. Constr. Build. Mater., 25(3): 1205-1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.09.034.
• Peřinková M., Dlábiková I., Pospíšil P., Bílek V. 2021. Research into the Influence of Subsoil on Sulphates, Nitrates and Chlorides Accumulated in Renovation Plasters Used for Rehabilitation of Monuments in the Czech Republic. J. Cult. Herit., 49: 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2021.01.011.
• Sardella A., De Nuntiis P., Bonazza A. 2018a. Efficiency Evaluation of Treatments against Rising Damp by Scale Models and Test in Situ. J. Cult. Herit., 31: S30-S37. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CULHER.2018.03.020.
• Sardella A., De Nuntiis P., Rizzo M., Giosuè C., Tittarelli F., Bonazza A. 2018b. In Situ Performance Evaluation of Chemical Injections against Rising Damp: A Case Study in Italy. Measurement, 130: 128-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEASUREMENT.2018.08.011.
• Stillhammerová M. 2006. Short Overview on Problems of Water Soluble Salts in Slovak Republic. European Research on Cultural Heritage, 5: 119-123.
• WTA Merkblatt 2-9-04 Sanierputzsysteme. 2004. Wissenschaftlich-Technische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Bauwerkserhaltung und Denkmalpflege, München.
• Wójcik R. 2006. Anti-damp wall protection using the non-isothermal injection method. Thesis for the degree of associate professor, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn.
• Wójcik R. 2010. Ochrona budynków przed wilgocią i wodą gruntową. In: Budownictwo ogólne. Fizyka budowli. Vol. 2. 1st ed. Eds. J. Panas, M. Siarkiewicz. Arkady, Warszawa, p. 913-981.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023)