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Titanium alloys are increasingly being used in manufacturing especially in aerospace industries. The environmental impact of using this material is rarely discussed especially with regards to energy consumption and its contribution to carbon emissions. The poor machinability of titanium leads to lower material removal rate and longer machining time. Coupled with high carbon footprints encountered, in extracting this material from ore, it is clear that the environmental impact of using this material needs to be optimised. In the research reported here, cutting tests were undertaken on a lathe and milling machine using unified cutting conditions. The associated energy and carbon footprints were analysed and discussed with emphasis on high speed machining. The paper clearly shows the impact of process choice and cutting speed on environmental footprints as a key performance measure in sustainable manufacturing.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
103--112
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 13 poz., tab., rys.
Twórcy
Bibliografia
- 1. Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES)., Granta Design Limited, 2005.
- 2. Carbon Trust Methodologies., DEFRA Guidelines for measuring and reporting of emissions in the UK emissions trading scheme. 2003. http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/resource/measuring_co2/Measuring_CO2_Methodologies.htm?print=1.
- 3. DAHMUS J., GUTOWSKI T., An Environmental Analysis of Machining. Paper presented at the 2004 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress (IMECE) and R&D Expo, Anaheim, California.
- 4. Guidelines to DEFRA's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting. 2007. http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/business/envrp/pdf/conversion-factors.pdf.
- 5. GUTOWSKI T., Design and manufacturing for the environment: Springer-Verlag. 2007.
- 6. GUTOWSKI T., DAHMUS J., THIRIEZ A., Electrical Energy Requirements for Manufacturing Processes. The 13th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, Leuven, Belgium, 2006.
- 7. JAFFERY S. I., MATIVENGA P. T., Assessment of the Machinability of Ti-6Al-4V alloy using the wear map approach. International Journal Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2008.
- 8. JESWIET J., KARA S., Carbon emissions and CES in manufacturing. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 57, 2008, 17 - 20.
- 9. KALPAKJIAN S., SCHMID S. R., Manufacturing Engineering and Technology (Vol. 5). Singapore: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.
- 10. KARDONOWY., DAVID, N., A Power Assessment of Machining Tools. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002.
- 11. Kyoto Protocol. (1997). http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php
- 12. RAJEMI M. F., MATIVENGA P. T., Machinability Analysis from Energy Footprint Considerations. Journal of Machine Engineering, 8(2), 2008, 106 - 113.
- 13. STERN REVIEW., The Economic of Climate Change. 2006. http://www.hmtreasury.gov.uk/media/4/3/Executive_Summary.pdf.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-3fa97f8d-13a2-46c4-b77e-c1f748a4cf13