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Wprowadzenie do projektowania szkła konstrukcyjnego według aktualnych norm europejskich
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Glass is a material commonly used in construction. The development of technology related to it, and the increase in knowledge concerning its mechanical and strength properties offer opportunities for glass to be applied as a structural material. The advancement in glass structures, methods for their design, as well as guidelines and standards in this fields are being developed in parallel. This article describes the main assumptions contained in the German TRxV guidelines, the series of German DIN 18008 standards, and the European EN 16612, and EN 16613 standard. Moreover, the following article presents the concept of structural glass design included in the draft pre-standard prCEN/TS 19100, which provides the basis for the formulation of the European standard Eurocode 10. According to this pre-standard, structural elements of glass will be verified in four limit states, depending on the Limit State Scenario (LSS). Apart from the classic limit states, i.e., the ultimate limit state (ULS), and the serviceability limit state (SLS), it is also assumed to introduce a fracture limit state (FLS), and post-fracture limit state (PFLS). The article also addresses the issue of laminated glass working in structural elements. Depending on the coupling between the glass panes and the polymer or ionomer interlayers, laminated glass can be divided into complete coupled or uncoupled, and can work in intermediate situations. The methods for determining the effective thickness contained in European standards and guidelines are discussed in this article.
Szkło jest materiałem powszechnie stosowanym w budownictwie. Rozwój jego technologii oraz wzrost wiedzy dotyczącej właściwości mechanicznych i wytrzymałościowych sprzyja również możliwościom stosowania szkła jako materiału konstrukcyjnego. Konstrukcyjne zastosowanie szkła jest szczególnie istotne dla kształtowania rozwiązań architektonicznych, w których transparentność stanowi szczególną cechę estetyczną. Wraz z rozwojem konstrukcji szklanych są opracowywane metody ich projektowania oraz wytyczne i normy w tym zakresie. W artykule scharakteryzowano podstawowe właściwości szkła jako materiału konstrukcyjnego. Ponadto omówiono główne założenia wytycznych niemieckich TRxV, serii niemieckich norm DIN 18008 oraz norm europejskich (mających również status polskich norm) PN-EN 16612 wraz z EN 16613. Artykuł przedstawia także koncepcję projektowania szkła konstrukcyjnego zawartą w projekcie normy CEN/TS 19100, która stanowi podstawę opracowania zharmonizowanej normy Europejskiej - Eurokodu 10 dotyczącego projektowania konstrukcji szklanych. Zgodnie z tą prenormą szklane elementy konstrukcyjne będą weryfikowane ze względu na ich bezpieczeństwo w oparciu o cztery stany graniczne w zależności od tzw. klasy konsekwencji pęknięć. Oprócz klasycznych stanów granicznych, tj. stanu granicznego nośności i stanu granicznego użytkowalności, zakłada się również wprowadzenie stanu granicznego pęknięcia i stanu granicznego po pęknięciu. W artykule poruszono także kwestię pracy szkła laminowanego w elementach konstrukcyjnych. W zależności od stopnia zespolenia tafli szklanych i międzywarstw polimerowych lub jonomerowych, można wyróżnić szkło laminowane całkowicie zespolone, lub niezespolone, a także pracujące w sytuacjach pośrednich. Biorąc pod uwagę charakter pracy szkła laminowanego, przy jego projektowaniu oblicza się tzw. grubość efektywną. W artykule omówiono metody wyznaczania grubości efektywnej zawarte w europejskich normach i wytycznych.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
147--170
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 71 poz., il., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
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- [30] TRLV Technische Regeln für die Verwendung von linienförmig gelagerten Verglasungen (Technical rules for the use of glazing with linear supports), DIBt, August 2006.
- [31] TRPV Technische Regeln für die Bemessung und Ausführung punktförmig gelagerter Verglasungen (Technical rules for the use of glazing with supports at individual points), DIBt, August 2006.
- [32] TRAV Technische Regeln für die Verwendung von absturzsichernden Verglasungen (Technical rules for the use of safety-barier glazing), DIBt, January 2003.
- [33] A. Haese, G. Siebert, “DIN 18008 - Experience after one year of applying the new German glass design standard”, in Challenging Glass 5: Conference on Architectural and Structural Applications on Glass, J. Belis, F. Bos, Ch. Louter, Eds. Ghent, 2016, DOI: 10.7480/cgc.5.2288.
- [34] DIN 18008-1:2010-12 (currently DIN 18008-1:2020-05) Glass in building - Design and construction rules - Part 1: Terms and general bases.
- [35] DIN 18008-2:2010-12 (currently DIN 18008-1:2020-05) Glass in building - Design and construction rules - Part 2: Linearly supported glazing.
- [36] DIN 18008-3:2013-07 Glass in building - Design and construction rules - Part 3: Point fixed glazing.
- [37] DIN 18008-4:2013-07 Glass in building - Design and construction rules - Part 4: Additional requirement for safety-barrier glazing.
- [38] DIN 18008-5:2013-07 Glass in building - Design and construction rules - Part 5: Additional requirement for walk-on glazing.
- [39] DIN 18008-6:2018-02 Glass in building - Design and construction rules - Part 6: Additional requirement for walk-on glazing in case of maintenance procedures and for fall-through glazing.
- [40] G. Siebert, “Comparison of IGU-design according to German and European Standards”, Engineered Transparency 2018: Glass in Architectural Engineering, 2018, vol. 2, no. 5-6, pp. 81-92, DOI: 10.1002/cepa.912.
- [41] G. Siebert, M. Botz, M.A. Kraus, “Comparison of LSG-design according to German and European Standards”, in: Engineered Transparency 2018. Glass in Architecture and Structural Engineering, J. Schneider, B. Weller, Eds. Berlin: Ernst und Sohn, 2018, vol. 2, no. 5-6, pp. 93-102, DOI: 10.1002/cepa.913.
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- [44] CEN/TS 19100-1:2021 Design of glass structures - Part 1: Basis of design and materials.
- [45] CEN/TS 19100-2:2021 Design of glass structures - Part 2: Design of out-of-plane loaded glass components.
- [46] CEN/TS 19100-3:2021 Design of glass structures - Part 3: Design of in-plane loaded glass components and their mechanics joints.
- [47] EN 1990:2002+A1:2005 Eurocode - Basis of structural design.
- [48] EN16612:2019 Glass in building - Determination of the lateral load resistance of glass panes by calculation.
- [49] EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures.
- [50] P. Foraboschi, “Analytical modeling to predict thermal shock failure and maximum temperature gradients of a glass panel”, Material & Design, 2017, vol. 134, pp. 301-319, DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.08.021.
- [51] J. Schijve, Fatigue of Structures and Materials. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.
- [52] N. Pourmoghaddam, J. Schneider, “Finite-element analysis of the residual stresses in tempered glass plates with holes or cut-outs”, Glass Structural Engineering, 2018, no. 3, pp. 17-37, DOI: 10.1007/s40940-018-0055-z.
- [53] G. Šaučiuvenas, T. Gečys, A. Mudrov, L. Ustinovichius, Cz. Miedzialowski, “The analysis of stress distribution in tempered structural glass with stress concentrators under tension and compression”, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2020, vol.20, no. 3, pp. 66-77, DOI: 10.1007/s43452-020-00067-5.
- [54] EN 13830:2015+A1:2020 Curtatin walling - Product standard.
- [55] J. Kuntsche, M. Schuster, J. Schneider, “Engineering design of laminated safety glass considering the shear coupling: a review”, Glass Structural Engineering, 2019, vol. 4, pp. 209-228, DOI: 10.1007/s40940-019-00097-3.
- [56] EN 16613:2019 Glass in building - Laminate glass and laminated safety glass - Determination of interlayer viscoelastic properties.
- [57] M.A. Kraus, M. Botz, G. Siebert, “Structural Design of Laminated Glass Under Consideration of the Shear Coupling According to German, European an US Standards”, Conference paper GlassCon Global, Chicago, 2018.
- [58] L. Galuppi, G. Royer-Carfagni, “Enhanced Effective Thickness of multi-layered laminated glass”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2014, vol. 64, pp. 202-213, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.04.018.
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- [62] L. Galuppi, G. Royer-Carfagni, “The effective thickness of laminated glass plates”, Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, 2012, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 375-400, DOI: 10.2140/jomms.2012.7.375.
- [63] M. Gwóźdź, P. Woźniczka, “New static analysis methods for plates made of monolithic and laminated glass”, Archives of Civil Engineering, 2020, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 593-603, DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.135239.
- [64] EN 13474-1:1999 Glass in building - Design of glass panes - Part 1: General basis of glass.
- [65] CNR-DT 201:2013 Istruzioni per la Progettazione, l’Esecuzione ed il Controllo di Costruzioni con Elementi Strutturali di Vetro (Guide for the Design, Construction and Control of Buildings with Structural Glass Elements).
- [66] L. Galuppi, G. Royer-Carfagni, “Effective thickness of laminated glass beams: New expression via a variational approach”, Engineering Structures, 2012, vol. 38, pp. 53-67, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.12.039.
- [67] L. Galuppi, G. Royer-Carfagni, “Practical expressions for the design of laminated glass”, Composites: Part B, 2013, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 1677-1688, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.09.073.
- [68] L. Galuppi, G. Royer-Carfagni, “The effective thickness of laminated glass: Inconsistency of the formulation in proposal of EN-standards”, Composites: Part B, 2013, vol. 55, pp. 109-118, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.05.025.
- [69] L. Galuppi, G. Royer-Carfagni, “Enhanced effective thickness (EET) of curved laminated glass”, Annals Solid Structural Mechanics, 2015, vol. 7, pp. 71-92, DOI: 10.1007/s12356-015-0043-9.
- [70] A. Nizich, L. Galuppi, “Enhanced Effective Thickness method for Cantilevered Laminated Glass Balustrades”, Glass Performance Days, Tampere, 2019, pp. 398-401.
- [71] J. Schneider, “Next generation ionoplast for improved lamination”, Glass Performance Days, Tampere, 2019, pp. 61-63.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-3f92e4dd-2ada-42d7-9b43-30e86746a8e5