Doświadczenia i wnioski z działania komponentu lądowego brytyjskich sił ekspedycyjnych w operacji "Corporate" podczas konfliktu falklandzkiego

• Autorzy: Tym J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The land component of the British expeditionary force in the operation "Corporate" in the Falklands war ; experiences and conclusions

• Konferencja: Sztuka wojenna we współczesnych konfliktach zbrojnych. Przemiany i tendencje rozwojowe ; (18.12.2003) ; Polska
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The Argentinean invasion forces invaded the Falklands on 2 April 1982, while the British - Argentinean diplomatic negotiations about the future of the islands were still in progress. In this situation, the United Kingdom decided to conduct a military operation to recapture the islands and restore the British administration. The British HQ immediately started to plan the operation and to complete the expeditionary forces. The British Expeditionary Force was deployed to the South Atlantic at the end of April. They liberated South Georgia on 25 April. The British 3rd Royal Marine Commando Brigade landed in San Carlos Bay on East Falkland on 21 May. Six days later, the 2nd Parachute Battalion embarked on a two-day, victorious battle of Goose Green. On 7 and 8 June, the 5th Infantry Brigade landed in Bluff Cove. Finally, on 14 June, the British forces liberated Port Stanley and took 11,845 prisoners. The Falklands War is recognised as a classic low or medium intensity war. The Operation "Corporate” ended successfully due to a consisted and complementary operation plan of the operation and combat action, and determination to win and hold initiative. The Argentines had assumed that the British would land near Port Stanley and were not prepared for the landing at San Carlos. By the time they realised what was happening, it was too late to conduct any anti-landing operation. The fiercest resistance came in fights for hills around Port Stanley. When these had been taken, the Argentines surrendered. The night landing at San Carlos and night attacks were the main feature of the Falklands campaign. The major attacks (Goose Green, Mt Longdon, Mt Tumble- down, Two Sisters, Wirelless Ridge) were night attacks. Such attacks require effective and efficient C3I and a high level of training. It was extremely effective combining force with surprise and a cover of night. The Falklands War showed the increasing importance of professionally planned and well organised special forces’ operation on the modern battlefield. The Falklands conflict delivered a lot of experiences and conclusions about manoeuvre, air mobility, combat support and logistics. Other important factors include high level of morale and skills of the British soldiers. They were able to establish a total moral and psychological ascendancy over the Argentineans. The “Great jump” across East Falkland for British paratroopers and Royal Marines tested the soldiers’ endurance, fitness and stamina reaching the end of their tether. The Falklands War was an important experience to create the concept of using rapid reaction forces and also to make assumptions of modern low and medium intensity conflicts.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Falklandy; wojna o Falklandy 1982; wojska specjalne; działania bojowe; konflikt zbrojny; Corporate; desant wojskowy; operacje wojskowe

EN

Falklands; Falklands war 1982; special forces; combat operations; armed conflict; Corporate; military operations

• Wydawca: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe AON
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: nr 3(56)A Numer specjalny
• Strony: 167--200

Twórcy

autor

Tym J.

• Departament Wychowania i Promocji Obronności MON