Archaeometallurgical Investigations of the Early Iron Age Casting Workshop at Kamieniec. A Preliminary Study

• Autorzy: Garbacz-Klempka A. , Kowalski Ł. , Kozana J. , Gackowski J. , Perek-Nowak M. , Szczepańska G. , Piękoś M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/afe-2016-0044

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

(Chełmno land, Poland) as it is reflected through casting workshop recovered during recent excavations. Among ready products, the ones giving evidence of local metallurgy (e.g. casting moulds and main runners) were also identified. With the shrinkage cavities and dendritic microstructures revealed, the artifacts prove the implementing a casting method by the Lusatian culture metalworkers. The elemental composition indicates application of two main types of bronzes: Cu-Sn and Cu-Pb. Aside these main alloying additions, some natural impurities such as silver, arsenic, antimony and nickel were found which may be attributed to the origin of the ore and casting technology. The collection from Kamieniec was described in terms of its structure and composition. The investigations were made by means of the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (ED-XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (EDS) and optical microscopy (OM). In order to fingerprint either local or non-local profile of the alloys, the ED-XRF data-set was statistically evaluated using a factor analysis (FA).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

non-destructive testing; investment casting; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; archaeometallurgy; Lusatian culture

PL

badania nieniszczące; odlewnictwo; promieniowanie rentgenowskie; kultura łużycka

• Wydawca: Komisja Odlewnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk Oddział w Katowicach
• Czasopismo: Archives of Foundry Engineering
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 16, iss. 3
• Strony: 29--34
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 15 poz., il., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Garbacz-Klempka A.

• AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Historical Layers Research Centre Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Kowalski Ł.

• Nicolaus Copernicus University, Institute of Archaeology, Szosa Bydgoska 44/48, 87-100 Toruń, Poland

autor

Kozana J.

• AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Historical Layers Research Centre Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Gackowski J.

• Nicolaus Copernicus University, Institute of Archaeology, Szosa Bydgoska 44/48, 87-100 Toruń, Poland

autor

Perek-Nowak M.

• AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Szczepańska G.

• Nicolaus Copernicus University, Faculty of Chemistry, PAI Instrumental Analyses Laboratory, Gagarin 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland

autor

Piękoś M.

• AGH-University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Historical Layers Research Centre Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Gackowski, J. (2013). Relics of bronze-workshop from the defensive settlement of the Lusatian culture population in Czarnowo (site 46, formerly Kamieniec), Toruń commune. Pomorania Antiqua. 24, 51-64. (in Polish).
• [2] Zielonka, B. (1955). Finds from a defensive settlement of the Lusatian culture at Kamieniec, the Toruń district. Wiadomości Archeologiczne. 22(2), 159-174. (in Polish).
• [3] Rzadkosz, S., Kranc, M., Garbacz-Klempka, A., Kozana, J. & Piękoś, M. (2013). Investment Casting Technology Applied to Copper Alloys. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 13 (special 3), 143-148.
• [4] Rzadkosz, S., Zych, J., Garbacz-Klempka, A., Kranc, M., Kozana, J., Piękoś, M., Kolczyk, J., Jamrozowicz, Ł. & Stolarczyk, T. (2015). Copper Alloys in Investment Casting Technology. Metalurgija. 54(1), 293-296.
• [5] Rzadkosz, S., Kranc, M., Garbacz-Klempka, A., Kozana, J. & Piękoś, M. (2015). Refining Processes in the Copper Casting Technology. Metalurgija. 54(1), 259-262.
• [6] Czekaj, E., Karwiński, A., Pączek, Z. & Pysz, S. (2012). A new method of producing precision castings made of copper alloy in the molds of ceramic. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 12 (special 2), 9-16.
• [7] Sarek, D., Trytek, A. & Nawrocki, J. (2009). Permeability of mould made by lost wax casting process. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 9(1), 203-206.
• [8] Kolczyk, J. & Zych, J. (2013). Rheological properties of ceramic slurries with colloidal binders used in the investment casting technology. Metalurgija. 52(1), 55-58.
• [9] Niehuis, J, Sietsma, J. & Arnoldussen, S. (2011). The production process and potential usage of bronze Geistingen axes. Journal of Archaeology in the Low Countries. 3(1/2), 47-63.
• [10] Gackowski, J. (2015). Relics of defensive settlement of the Lusatian culture population at Czarnowo (formerly Kamieniec), Toruń county, in the light of research in 2012 (site 46/AZP 38-39/1). In A. Janowski, K. Kowalski, B. Rogalski & S. Słowiński (Eds.), Acta Archaeologica Pomoranica. 5, (67-78). Szczecin: SNAP. (in Polish).
• [11] Makarowicz, P. & Garbacz-Klempka, A. (2014). Metallurgist's settlement in Szczepidło on the middle Warta. Some remarks on bronze objects industry in the 2nd millennium BC. Fontes Archaeologici Posnanienses. 50(2), 261-283.
• [12] Pernicka, E. (2014). Provenance determination of archaeological metal objects. In B. W. Roberts & C. P. Thornton (Eds.). Archaeometallurgy in global perspective. Methods and syntheses. (239-268). New York: Springer.
• [13] Michalski, J. (1982). Bronze casting workshop in Zawada, Tarnobrzeg province. In Z. Bukowski (Ed.). The diary of the Museum of Copper. 1, (199-207). Legnica: TPN. (in Polish).
• [14] Garbacz-Klempka, A., Kozana, J., Piekoś, M., Kwak, Z., Długosz, P. & Stolarczyk. T. (2015). Ceramic moulds for precision casting in the bronze age and computer reconstruction of the casts. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 15 (special 1), 21-26.
• [15] Garbacz-Klempka, A., Rzadkosz, S., Stolarczyk, T., Kozana, J., Piekoś, M., Kwak, Z. & Tenerowicz, M. (2015). Computer modeling for the visualization and geometric reconstruction of artefacts from the casting workshop in Grzybiany. Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering. 41(1), 45-56. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/mafe.2015.41.1.45.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.