The influence of mineralization conditions on the effectiveness of enzymatic mineralization of hydrogels

• Autorzy: Pietryga K. , Reczyńska K. , Pamuła E.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Polysaccharide hydrogels are widely used in food industry and medicine. Gellan gum (GG) recently gained a lot of attention as a promising material for tissue regeneration proposes due to its excellent biocompatibility and similarity to natural extracellular matrix. However, in unmineralized form it is not suitable for bone tissue engineering because of weak mechanical properties. Enzymatic mineralization (e.g. using alkaline phosphatase – ALP) is one of the methods of calcifying of hydrogels and it resembles natural processes occurring during bone healing. The aim of this research was to investigate mineralization of hydrogels and to improve properties of gellan gum scaffolds by adjusting processing conditions. Since ALP does not form with GG covalent bonds, during incubation in mineralization medium (solution of calcium glycerophosphate - CaGP) it is diffusing from the samples. Therefore, mineralization effectiveness depends on the interplay between incoming CaGP and outgoing ALP molecules. We hypothesize that better CaGP availability, especially in the first hours of incubation, can result in more effective and homogenous precipitation of calcium phosphates (CaP) in GG samples. To this end, samples with different GG and ALP concentration were subjected to two different mineralization regimes (more and less frequent CaGP exchanges). We proved that better CaGP availability (more frequent CaGP exchange) resulted in better mechanical properties (Young’s modulus) and more effective mineral formation (higher dry mass percentage) of the samples compared to the same samples mineralized with lower accessibility of CaGP. This may be related to the fact, that in presence of fresh organic substrates, more CaP are formed in the outer parts of the samples at the beginning of the process, that limit ALP diffusion and allow more uniform mineralization.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

enzymatic mineralization; hydrogels; bone tissue engineering

• Wydawca: Polish Society for Biomaterials in Cracow
• Czasopismo: Engineering of Biomaterials
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 18, no. 131
• Strony: 2--7
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 13 poz., rys., tab., wykr., zdj.

Twórcy

autor

Pietryga K.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Reczyńska K.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Pamuła E.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Biomaterials, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Douglas T.E., Pamula E., Leeuwenburgh S.C.: Biomimetic Mineralization of Hydrogel Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics: Advancing Nanobiomaterials and Tissue Engineering (2013) 51-67.
• [2] Stevens M.M.: Biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. Materials today 11 (2008) 18-25.
• [3] Gkioni K., Leeuwenburgh S.C., Douglas T.E., Mikos A.G., Jansen J.A.: Mineralization of hydrogels for bone regeneration. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 16 (2010) 577-585.
• [4] Morris E.R., Nishinari K., Rinaudo M.: Gelation of gellan - A review. Food Hydrocolloids 28 (2012) 373-411.
• [5] Tang J., Tung M.A., Zeng Y.: Compression strength and deformation of gellan gels formed with mono-and divalent cations. Carbohydrate Polymers 29 (1996) 11-16.
• [6] Pereira D.R., Canadas R.F., Silva-Correia J., Marques A.P., Reis R.L., Oliveira J.M.: Gellan gum-based hydrogel bilayered scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. In: Key Engineering Materials (2014) 255-260.
• [7] Taguchi T., Sawabe Y., Kobayashi H., Moriyoshi Y., Kataoka K., Tanaka J.: Preparation and characterization of osteochondral scaffold. Materials Science and Engineering: C 24 (2004) 881-885.
• [8] Filmon R., Basle M., Barbier A., Chappard D.: Poly (2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate)-alkaline phosphatase: A composite biomaterial allowing in vitro studies of bisphosphonates on the mineralization process. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 11 (2000) 849-868.
• [9] Filmon R., Grizon F., Basle M., Chappard D.: Effects of negatively charged groups (carboxymethyl) on the calcification of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). Biomaterials 23 (2002) 3053-3059.
• [10] Beertsen W., Van den Bos T.: Alkaline phosphatase induces the mineralization of sheets of collagen implanted subcutaneously in the rat. Journal of Clinical Investigation 89 (1992) 1974.
• [11] Douglas T.E., Messersmith P.B., Chasan S., Mikos A.G., de Mulder E.L., Dickson G., et al. Enzymatic mineralization of hydrogels for bone tissue engineering by incorporation of alkaline phosphatase. Macromolecular bioscience 12 (2012) 1077-1089.
• [12] Douglas T., Wlodarczyk M., Pamula E., Declercq H., Mulder E., Bucko M.M., et al.: Enzymatic mineralization of gellan gum hydrogel for bone tissue-engineering applications and its enhancement by polydopamine. Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine 8(11) (2014) 906-918.
• [13] Pietryga K., Costa J., Pereira P., Douglas T.E.L., Pamuła E.: Promotion of bone cells growth on gellan gum hydrogels by enzymatic mineralization. Engineering of Biomaterials 125 (2014) 6-12.

Uwagi

EN

This study was supported by AGH University of Science and Technology, statute investigation 11.11.160.616. The authors want to acknowledge Beata Kolecka and Katarzyna Pach from AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków, Poland for technical assistance.