The use of extraction methods to assess the immobilization of metals in hardening slurries

• Autorzy: Falaciński Paweł , Wojtkowska Małgorzata

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/aep.2021.138464

Warianty tytułu

PL

Ocena immobilizacji metali ciężkich w zawiesinach twardniejących

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In Poland, in recent years, there has been a rapid accumulation of sewage sludge – a by-product in the treatment of urban wastewater. This has come about as a result of infrastructure renewal, specifically, the construction of modern sewage treatment plants. The more stringent regulations and strategic goals adopted for modern sewage management have necessitated the application of modern engineering methodology for the disposal of sewage sludge. One approach is incineration. As a consequence, the amount of fly ash resulting from the thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge has grown significantly. Hence, intensive work is in progress for environmentally safe management of this type of waste. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the possibility of using the fly ash that results from municipal sewage sludge thermal treatment (SSTT) as an additive to hardening slurries. The article presents the technological and functional parameters of hardening slurries with an addition of fly ash obtained by SSTT. Moreover, the usefulness of these slurries is analyzed on the basis of their basic properties, i.e., density, contractual viscosity, water separation, structural strength, volumetric density, hydraulic conductivity, compressive and tensile strength. The research on technological and functional properties was carried out, the aim of which was to determine the practical usefulness of the hardening slurries used in the experiment. Subsequently, leaching tests were performed for heavy metals in the components, the structure of the hardening slurries. An experiment showed leaching of hazardous compounds at a level allowing their practical application. The article presents the potential uses of fly ash from SSTT in hardening slurry technology.

PL

W ostatnich latach, w Polsce, odnotowano dość szybki wzrost wytwarzania ubocznych produktów w procesie oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych – osadów ściekowych. W roku 2014 wytworzono 556,0 tys. ton suchej masy komunalnych osadów ściekowych. Jest to pochodna rozwoju cywilizacyjnego Polski i budowy nowoczesnych oczyszczalni ścieków. Zaostrzające się przepisy oraz założone, strategiczne cele gospodarki ściekowej determinują rozwój nowoczesnych metod utylizacji osadów ściekowych. Należą do nich techniki termiczne. W wyniku stosowania tych metod ilość powstałych lotnych popiołów po spaleniu komunalnych osadów ściekowych znacząco rośnie. Trwają intensywne prace nad możliwością bezpiecznego dla środowiska zagospodarowania tego typu odpadu. W artykule przedstawiono badania nad możliwością dodawania lotnych popiołów z TPOŚ jako składnika zawiesin twardniejących. Przeprowadzono badania właściwości technologicznych i użytkowych, których celem było określenie praktycznej przydatności zastosowanych w eksperymencie zawiesin twardniejących. Wykonano badania wymywalności metali ciężkich ze struktury zawiesin. Przeprowadzony eksperyment ekstrakcji metali wykazał wymywanie niebezpiecznych związków na poziomie umożliwiającym praktyczne ich zastosowanie. Przeprowadzone analizy wskazują na potencjalne możliwości wykorzystania ubocznego produktu spalania jakim jest popiół.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

hardening slurry; cut-off wall; sewage sludge; thermal treatment; immobilization of metals

PL

szlam twardniejący; osad ściekowy; obróbka termiczna; immobilizacja metali

• Wydawca: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Environmental Protection
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: Vol. 47, no. 3
• Strony: 60--70
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 41 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Falaciński Paweł

• Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw

autor

Wojtkowska Małgorzata

• Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw

Bibliografia

• 1. Asavapisit, S., Naksrichum, S. & Harnwajanawong, N. (2005). Strength, lechability, and microstructure characteristics of cement-based solidified plating sludge. Cement and Concrete Research 35, pp. 1042-1049.
• 2. Batchelor, B. (2006). Overview of waste stabilization with cement. Waste Management 26, pp. 689-698.
• 3. Bobrowski, A., Gawlicki, M. & Małolepszy, J. (1997). Analytical Evaluation of Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Cement Matrices, Environmental Science & Technology, 31, 3, pp. 745-749.
• 4. Chang, F.C., Lin, J.D., Tsai, C.C. & Wang, K.S. (2010). Study on cement mortar and concrete made with sewage sludge ash. Water Science and Technology, 62, 7, pp. 1689-1693, 2010.
• 5. Chiang, K. Y., Chou, P. H., Hua, C. R., Chien, K. L. & Cheeseman, C. (2009). Lightweight bricks manufactured from water treatment sludge and rice husks. Journal of hazardous materials. 171 (1-3), pp. 76-82.
• 6. Chou, J.-D., Wey, M.-Y. & Chang, S.-H. (2009). Evaluation of the distribution patterns of Pb, Cu and Cd from MSWI fly ash during thermal treatment by sequential extraction procedure. Journal of Hazardous Materials 162 (2-3), pp. 1000-1006.
• 7. Elicker, C., Sanches Filho P.J. & Castagno K.R.L. (2014). Electroremediation of heavy metals in sewage sludge. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. Sao Paulo, 31(2), pp. 365-371.
• 8. EN 450-1:2012. (2012). Fly ash for concrete. Definition, specifications and conformity criteria.
• 9. Falaciński, P. (2012). Possible applications of hardening slurries with fluidal fly ashes in environment protection structures. Archives of Environmental Protection. 38, 3, pp. 91-104, DOI: 10.2478/v10265-012-0031-7.
• 10. Falaciński, P. & Szarek, Ł. (2016). Possible Applications of Hardening Slurries with Fly Ash from Thermal Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludge in Environmental Protection Structures. Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics, 63, 1, pp. 47-61, DOI: 10.1515/heem-2016-0004
• 11. Gawdzik, J. & Latosińska, J. (2014). Assessment of sewage sludge incineration fly-ash heavy metal immobilization. Engineering and Protection of Environment, t. 17, vol. 3, pp. 415-421.
• 12. Guo, B., Liu, B., Yang, J. & Zhang, S. (2017). The mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization by cementitious material treatments and thermal treatments: A review. Journal of environmental management, 193, pp. 410-422.
• 13. Hoi, K.L., Barford, J.P. & Makay, G. (2010). Utylization of Incineration Waste Ash Residues in Portland Cement Clinker, Chemical Engineering Transaction, 21, pp. 757-762.
• 14. Ibragimow, A., Głosińska, G., Siepak, M. & Walna, B. (2010). Preliminary studies of heavy metal pollution in floodplain sediments. Works and Geographic Studies 44, pp. 233-247.
• 15. Jakob, A., Stucki, S. & Kuhn, P. (1995). Evaporation of heavy metals during the heat treatment of municipal solid waste fly ash. Environmental Science and Technology 29, pp. 2429-2436.
• 16. Jama-Rodzeńska, A., Bocianowski, J. & Nowak, W. (2014). Impact of municipal sewage sludge on heavy metal content in the sprouts of Salix viminalis L. clones. ZPPNR 576, pp. 45-56. (in Polish)
• 17. Kledynski, Z. & Rafalski, L. (2009). Hardening slurries, Warszawa, KILiW PAN, IPPT PAN. (in Polish)
• 18. Le Forestier, L. & Libourel, G. (2008). High temperature behavior of electrostatic precipitator ash from municipal solid waste combustors. Journal of Hazardous Materials 154 (1-3) pp. 373-380.
• 19. Li, Z. & Shuman, L.M. (1996). Redistribution of forms of zinc, cadmium and nickel in soils treated with EDTA. Sci Total Environ 191, pp. 95-107.
• 20. Łukawska, M. (2014). Speciation analysis of phosphorous in sewage sludge after thermal incineration. Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska, 17 (3), pp. 433-439. (in Polish)
• 21. Marcinkowski, T. (2004). Alkaline stabilization of municipal sewage sludges. Scientific Papers of the Institute of Environment Protection Engineering of the Wroclaw University of Technology No. 76, Poland.
• 22. Nowaka, B., Rochaa, S.F., Aschenbrennerb, F., Rechbergerb, H. & Wintera, F. (2012). Heavy metal removal from MSW fly ash by means of chlorination and thermal treatment: Influence of the chloride type. Chemical Engineering Journal 179, pp. 178-185.
• 23. Petruzzelli, G., Szymura, I., Lubrano, L. & Pezzarossa, B. (1989). Chemical speciation of heavy metals in different size fractions of compost from solid urban wastes. Environmental Technology Letter. 10, pp. 521-526.
• 24. Polowczyk, I., Bastrzyk, A., Sawiński, W., Koźlecki, T., Rudnicki, P., Sadowski, Z. & Sokołowski, A. (2010). Sorption properties of fly ash from coal burning. Chemical Engineering and Apparatus, 49(1), pp. 93-94.
• 25. Poluszyńska. J. & Ślęzak, E. (2015). Characteristics of biomass incineration ashes and the assessment of their possible use for natural purposes. Scientific Works of Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials. 23, pp. 71-78.
• 26. Renbo, Y., Wing-Ping, L. & Pin-Han, W. (2012). Basic characteristics of leachate produced by various washing processes for MSWI ashes in Taiwan, Journal of Environmental Management, 104, pp. 67-76.
• 27. Rodríguez, N.H., Ramírez, S.M., Varela, M.B., Guillem, M., Puig, J., Larrotcha, E. & Flores, J. (2010). Re-use of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) sludge: characterization and technological behaviour of cement mortars with atomized sludge additions. Cement and Concrete Research, 40(5), pp. 778-786.
• 28. Rosik-Dulewska, Cz. (2001). The content of fertilizer ingredients and heavy metals with their fractions in municiapl waste composts. Problem Journals of Advances in Agricultural Sciences 477, pp. 467-477.
• 29. Sánchez-Chardi, A. (2016). Biomonitoring potential of five sympatric Tillandsia species for evaluating urban metal pollution (Cd, Hg and Pb). Atmospheric Environment, 131, pp. 352-359.
• 30. Sørum, L., Frandsen-Flemming, J. & Hustad, J. E. (2008). On the fate of heavy metals in municipal solid waste combustion part I: devolatilisation of heavy metals on the grate. Fuel, 82 (18), pp. 2273-2283.
• 31. Struis, R.P.W., Ludwig, C., Lutz, H. & Scheidegger A.M. (2004). Speciation of zinc in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash after heat treatment: an X-ray absorption spectroscopy study. Environmental Science and Technology, 38, pp. 3760-3767.
• 32. Szarek, Ł. (2020). Leaching of heavy metals from thermal treatment municipal sewage sludge fly ashes. Archives of Environmental Protection, 46, 3, pp. 49-59, DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.134535.
• 33. Szarek, Ł., Falaciński P. & Wojtkowska, M. (2018). Immobilization of selected heavy metals from fly ash from thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge in hardening slurries, Archives of Civil Engineering, 64, 3, pp.131-144, DOI:10.2478/ace-2018-0034.
• 34. Szarek, Ł. & Wojtkowska, M. (2018). Properties of fly ash from thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge in terms of EN 450-1. Archives of Environmental Protection, 44, 1, pp. 63-69, DOI:10.24425/118182.
• 35. Teixeira, S.R., Santos, G.T.A., Souza, A.E., Alessio, P., Souza, S.A. & Souza, N.R. (2011). The effect of incorporation of a Brazilian water treatment plant sludge on the properties of ceramic materials. Applied Clay Science, 53(4), pp. 561-565.
• 36. Ure, A.M., Davidson, C.M. & Thomas, R.P. (1995). Single and sequential extraction schemes for trace metal speciation in soil and sediment, Techniąues and Instruinentation in Analytical Chemistry, 17, pp. 505-523.
• 37. Vassilev, S., Baxter, D., Andersen, L. & Vassileva, C. (2013a). An overview of the composition and application of biomass ash. Part 1. Phase - mineral and chemical composition and classification, Fuel, 105, pp. 40-76.
• 38. Vassilev, S., Baxter, D., Andersen, L. & Vassileva, C. (2013b). An overview of the composition and application of biomass ash. Part 2. Potential utilisation, technological and ecological advantages and challenges. Fuel, 105, pp. 19-39.
• 39. Wojtkowska, M. & Bogacki, J. (2012). Use of Speciation Analysis for Monitoring Heavy Metals in the Bottom Sediments of the Utrata River, Environmental Protection, 34, 4, pp. 43-46.
• 40. Woodard, C. (2006). Industrial Waste Treatment Handbook. Second Edition, Elsevier, USA.
• 41. Wzorek, Z. (2008). Recovery of phosphorous compounds from thermally processed waste and their application as a substitute for natural phosphorous raw materials. Kraków, Publishing House of the Cracow University of Technology.