Selected technical problems of cogeneration of electric energy and heat

• Autorzy: Lampart P.
• Konferencja: International Symposium on Compressor & Turbine Flow Systems Theory & Application Areas "SYMKOM" (11 ; 20-23.10.2014 ; Łódź, Polska)
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Cogeneration as a simultaneous production of electric energy and heat brings a considerable increase of energy efficiency and contributes to decrease emissions of harmful gases into the environment. Cogeneration can be applied in a large and small scale, however the opportunities for cogeneration are usually determined by the demand on heat. The prime movers in the large-scale cogeneration are steam turbines operating in a closed Rankine cycle. Extraction-condensing turbines provide the possibility of flexible coping with heat demand with practically little loss to the electric energy production. In order to take full advantage of variable load operation in extraction-condensing turbines, their adaptive control is needed and will be discussed in the paper. Cogeneration can especially be applied in small power units of distributed generation systems. In small (and micro) units, the produced energy goes first to local communities. One can mention here the energy generation for households, residence buildings, large farms, public buildings or small and medium enterprises. The surplus of electric energy goes to the power network, whereas heat surplus goes to local district heating networks. There are many different technologies available for cogeneration of electric energy and heat in distributed sources such as gas/biogas stations, pv/solar instalations, biorafinery, biomass stations. The paper describes an idea of a multi-fuel cogeneration system, which is a local energy centre for a small municipal community that includes a biomass-fueled steam power unit, ORC power unit, a group of gas piston engines and a coal boiler. ORC is a promising technology for cogeneration based on local energy resources. ORC power units can be used as a main generation system allowing utilisation of different types of fuels. The solution also offers a possibility to apply low temperature heat sources. Therefore, ORC can be applied for topping main generation systems, for example based on piston engines or gas turbines. In the first case a heat source is usually a biomass-fueled boiler, whereas in the latter case ORC operates on a recovery heat coming from the exhaust gases and/or engine cooling system. The ORC unit working in a combined cycle allows for a considerable increase of electric energy production. In the framework of the strategic programme of the Polish National Centre for Research and Development (NCBiR) two pilot installations with a considerable industrial potential are developed at IMP PAN: – a poligeneration ORC system of electric power 100 kW and heat power 400 kW being a model for an agro-energy complex. The system consists of a boiler, intermediate heat cycle, ORC unit with a turbine working on a silica oil MDM, orfice cooling unit and connection to electric and heating network. The system products electricity, heat and cold; – a cogeneration gas/ORC unit of electric power 0.45 MWe with a gas piston engine topped by an ORC unit. The recovery boiler is installed to transport heat from exhaust gases to the low-temperature ORC unit working on a medium SES36, whereas the heat from cooling the piston engine is used for network heating.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

environment; gas emission; steam turbines; Rankine cycle

PL

środowisko; emisja gazów; turbiny parowe; cykl Rankina

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Cieplne Maszyny Przepływowe - Turbomachinery / Politechnika Łódzka
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: nr 145
• Strony: 77--78

Twórcy

autor

Lampart P.

• Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland