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Maritime Transport Development in the Global Scale – the Main Chances, Threats and Challenges

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EN
Abstrakty
EN
International transport is a subject to many regulatory measures worked out by governments, international organisations (e.g. IMO, ILO, EU), regional institutions and public entities. As a result, such regulatory mechanism, which is getting throughout international, strongly affects the real sphere of maritime transport as well as its productivity and efficiency. Maritime transport operators have to apply to many new standards and rules set by international public regulators aimed mainly at improving and enhancing safety and security at sea. It is sometimes very painful process in terms of costs and time but inevitable to survive in the highly competitive environment. The author analyses the nowadays existing regulatory mechanism in maritime transport and tries to evaluate it in terms of its impact on effectiveness of maritime transport processes.
Twórcy
  • Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
Bibliografia
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  • 3 Grzelakowski A. S., ” 2008. Transport morski w gospodarce światowej. ”Przegląd Komunikacyjny. No. 12
  • 4 Hummels D., Transportation Costs and International Trade ithe Second Era of Globalization, Journal of Economic Per-spectives. Volume 21, Number 3.
  • 5 Kirschbaum E. 2008. Harnessing kite power to a ship. Interna-tional Herald Tribune. 20 January
  • 6 Korinek J., Clarifying Trade Costs in Maritime Transport,. 2008. Working Party of the Trade Committee, OECD, 25 April.
  • 7 Limão N. and Venables A J., 2007. Infrastructure, Geograph-ical Disadvantage, Transport Costs and Trade, Journal of Economic Literature.
  • 8 Merchandise Trade by Commodity. Statistics Database. 2006. World Trade Organization (WTO) (www.wto.org).
  • 9 Ports and International Transport Costs. 2006. UNCTAD Transport Newsletter No. 31, March.
  • 10 Recent Trends in Liner Shipping Freight Rates. 2004. Transport Newsletter No. 24, June.
  • 11 Review of Maritime Transport 2007. 2007. New York and Ge-neva. UNCTAD. p. 11-6.
  • 12 Review of Maritime Transport 2008. Report by the UNCTAD secretariat. New York and Geneva. UNCTAD.
  • 13 Rohter, L, 2008. Shipping Costs Start to Crimp Globalization. International Herald Tribune, 2 August UNCTAD/TC/WP(2008)10.
  • 14 Weak dollar helps push bunker prices back to record levels. 2008. Lloyd’s Ship Manager, May.
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  • 16 www.imo.org/Dynamic/Search /Index.asp
  • 17 www.namma.org/resources/iloNewCharter2006.htm
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-3e77d558-d891-4e73-8c6d-1965800fc1ad
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