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Fitness OSINT: Identifying and tracking military and security personnel with fitness applications for intelligence gathering purposes

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the possibility of tracking and identifying military and other security personnel, operating in secretive or restricted areas. Such exposure might have dire consequences from the perspective of counterintelligence or physical security. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Social Media Intelligence methods and techniques were employed to gather and analyse information on security and military personnel and expose their activities on-line. The case studies presented in the article exemplify utilisation of the new “Suunto” fitness application for open-source-based intelligence research. Despite general Operational Security rules that require all personal data such as names, pictures and habits to be kept discreet, open-source based research with one of the most popular fitness applications allowed the identification of military personnel and government agents operating in Afghanistan, Mali, Syria or working at national military facilities. In a single case, it took the author less than thirty minutes to identify personal details of a US Army soldier in Afghanistan and a Special Forces officer in one of the European countries and obtain their home addresses and pictures of them and their families. The results of the research show how OSINT techniques concerning fitness applications are useful both for intelligence and counterintelligence, specifically for malicious and terrorist purposes, and how necessary it is to make fitness and other, supposedly personal, activity private, especially for those who carry out sensitive missions and work in a restricted or secretive environment.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
41--52
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 26 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • Institute of Strategic Studies, Faculty of National Security, War Studies University, gen. Chruściela “Montera” 103, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • 1. Aspin-Brown (1996) Aspin-Brown Commission on the Roles and Capabilities of the US Intelligence Community, Preparing for the 21st Century: An Appraisal of US Intelligence. Available at: https://www.govinfo.gov/app/de... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
  • 2. Bazzell, M. (2018) Open Source Intelligence Techniques. Resources for Sharing and Analyzing Online Information. 6th edn, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
  • 3. BBC 2013) ‘Woolwich attack: Lee Rigby named as victim’, BBC, 23 May. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-22... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
  • 4. Bellingcat Investigation Team (2018) ‘Full report: Skripal Poisoning Suspect Dr. Alexander Mishkin, Hero of Russia’, The Bellingcat, 9 October. Available at: https://www.bellingcat.com/new... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
  • 5. Dover, R. (2019) ‘SOCMINT: a shifting balance of opportunity’, Intelligence and National Security, 35(2), pp. 216–232. doi: 10.1080/02684527.2019.1694132.
  • 6. Hassan, N. A. and Hijazi, R. (2018) Open Source Intelligence Methods and Tools: A Practical Guide to Online Intelligence. New York – Mississauga: Apress.
  • 7. Herman, M. (1996) Intelligence power in peace and war. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press and the Royal Institute of International Affairs.
  • 8. Higgins, E. (2014) ‘The Buk That Could – An Open Source Odyssey’, The Bellingcat, 28 July. Available at: https://www.bellingcat.com/new... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
  • 9. Hulnick, A. S. (2010) ‘The Dilemma of Open Sources Intelligence: Is OSINT Really Intelligence?’ in Johnson L.K (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 229–241.
  • 10. Joint Intelligence (2013) Joint Publication 2-0, 22 October. Available at: https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
  • 11. JMITC (1996) Open Source Intelligence: Professional Handbook. Joint Military Intelligence Training Center.
  • 12. Johnson, L. K. (2007) Handbook of Intelligence Studies, Abingdon: Routledge.
  • 13. Johnson, L. K. (2010) The Oxford Handbook of National Security Intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 14. Minkina, M. (2014) Sztuka wywiadu w państwie współczesnym [The Art of Intelligence in the Modern State]. Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza RYTM.
  • 15. Nikol, M. (2020) ‘SAS troops have their names and personal details exposed...’, Daily Mail, 2 February. Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ne... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
  • 16. Omand, D.(2010) Securing the State. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 17. Omand, D., Bartlett, J. and Miller, C. (2012) ‘Introducing Social Media Intelligence (SOCMINT)’, Intelligence and National Security, 27(6), pp. 801–823. doi: 10.1080/02684527.2012.716965.
  • 18. Postma, F. (2018) ‘After Strava, Polar is Revealing the Homes of Soldiers and Spies’, The Bellingcat, 8 July. Available at: https://www.bellingcat.com/res... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
  • 19. Robb, D. (2017) ‘Building the Global Heatmap’, Strava Medium, 1 November. Available at: https://medium.com/strava-engi... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
  • 20. Rodewig, C. (2012) ‘Geotagging poses security risks’, The Official Homepage of the U.S. Army (Archived), 7 March. Available at: https://web.archive.org/web/20... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
  • 21. Ruser, N. (2018), ‘Strava released their global heatmap...’, Twitter, Twitter User: Nrg8000, 27 January. Available at: https://twitter.com/Nrg8000/st... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
  • 22. Shulsky, A.N. and Shmitt, G. J. (2002) Silent Warfare: Understanding the World of Intelligence. Washington: Potomac Books.
  • 23. Steele, R. D. (2007) ‘Open Source Intelligence’, in Johnson L.K (ed.) Handbook of Intelligence Studies. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • 24. Warner, M. (2007) ‘Sources and Methods for The Study of Intelligence’, in Johnson L.K (ed.) Handbook of Intelligence Studies. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • 25. Wirtz, J. J. (2009) ‘Theory of Surprise’, in Gill P., Marrin S., Phythian M. (eds.), Intelligence Theory. Key questions and debates. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • 26. Zwijnenburg W. (2020) ‘Yemen’s Disappearing Date Palms: Applied Environmental OSINT’, The Bellingcat, 24 July. Available at: https://www.bellingcat.com/new... (Accessed: 27 September 2020).
Uwagi
„Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).”
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-3df1e791-29c8-48bc-93a1-797406f92a2e
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