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Effect of Time History on Long-Term Deformation of Gypseous Soils

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The time-dependent behavior of three gypseous soils was investigated. The soils had gypsum content of 66%, 44%, and 14.8%. The mineralogical and chemical properties of the soils were determined. Two series of tests were performed. In the first, collapsibility characteristics were investigated for a long period (60 days) by conducting single and double oedometer tests. In the second series, the effect of relative density on collapse with time was investigated. The samples were compacted to 40%, 50%, and 60% relative density and then tested. The results of collapse tests showed that the relationship between the strain and logarithm of effective stress has two vertical lines. The first one represents the collapse settlement taking place within 24 h, while the second one represents the long-term collapse. The collapse potential (CP) in both single and double oedometer tests increases when the gypsum content increases from 14.8% to 66% and when the initial void ratio increases. The CP–logarithm of time relationship for soaked samples prepared at different relative densities under 800 kPa indicated that the CP increased with time for the soil sample compacted at 60% relative density and the increase was higher than those compacted at 40% and 50% relative density. The curves started with a straight line and then a concave downward curve was observed with a high strain. For samples compacted at 40% and 50% relative densities, the curves were interrupted by little soil collapses, while the third curve exhibited smooth relation following the collapse.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Rocznik
Strony
198--210
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
  • Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq
  • Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Kufa, Iraq
Bibliografia
  • [1] Al-Aithawi, A.H. (1990), “Time-Dependent Deformation of a Gypseous Silty Soil”, M.Sc. Thesis, Civil Engineering Department, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
  • [2] Al-Obaidi, A. A. H., Mohammed, S. M., (2017), “Estimate of Bearing Capacity of Gypseous Soils from Field Data”, Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 01, pp. 1–20.
  • [3] Al-Aqaby, M.D., (2001), “Effect of Kerosene on Properties of Gypseous Soil”, M.Sc. Thesis, Civil Engineering Department, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
  • [4] Aldaood, A., Bouasker, M., and Al-Mukhtar, M. (2013), “Stability Behavior of Lime Stabilized Gypseous Soil under Long-Term Soaking. IACGE 2013 : Challenges and Recent Advances in Geotechnical and Seismic Research and Practices GSP 232, Second International Conference on Geotechnical and Earthquake Engineering, Chengdu, China, October 25–27, 2013, Edited by Jianping Hu; Jianlin Ma; Jorge Meneses; Tong Qui; Xiong (Bill) Yu; and Xiangwu (David) Zeng, pp. 170–177. doi: 10.1061/9780784413128.021.
  • [5] Alphen, J. G. and Romero, F. D. R. (1971), “Gypsiferous Soils: Notes on their Characteristics and Management. International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement”, Wageningen, Netherlands, Bulletin 12.
  • [6] ASTM (2002) D2435-02: Standard Test Methods for One-dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  • [7] ASTM (2003) D5333-03: Standard Test Method for Measurement of Collapse Potential of Soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  • [8] Barden, L., McGown, and Collins. K. (1973), “The Collapse Mechanism in Partially Saturated Soil”, Engineering Geology, Vol. 7, No. 1, p.p. 49–60.
  • [9] Barzanji, A.F. (1973), “Gypsiferous Soils of Iraq”, D.Sc. Thesis, State University of Ghent, Belgium, 1–2.
  • [10] Bowles, J.E. (1978), “Engineering Properties of Soil and their Measurement”, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.
  • [11] Boyadgiev, T. G., and Verheye, W. H., (1996), “Contribution to a Utilitarian Classification of Gypsiferous Soils”, Geoderma, 74, pp. 321–338.
  • [12] B.S. 1377 (1990). “Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes”, British Standards Institution.
  • [13] Dudley, J.H., (1970), “Review of Collapsing Soils”. Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE. Vol. 96, No. 3, p.p. 925–947.
  • [14] FAO (1990) Bull No. 62, “Management of Gypseous Soils”, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
  • [15] Fattah, M. Y., Al-Shakarchi, Y. J., Al-Numani, H. N., (2008), “Long-Term Behavior of a Gypseous Soil, Engineering and Technology Journal, University of Technology, Vol. 26, No. 12, p.p.1461–1483.
  • [16] Fattah, M. Y., al-Musawi, H. H. M., Salman, F. A., (2012), “Treatment of Collapsibility of Gypseous Soils by Dynamic Compaction”, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering Journal, Volume 30, Issue 6, pp. 1369–1387, Springer, DOI 10.1007/s10706-012-9552-z.
  • [17] Fattah, M. Y., Al-Ani, M. M., Al-Lamy, M. T. A., (2013), “Treatment of Collapse of Gypseous Soils by Grouting”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Ground Improvement Journal, UK, DOI: 10.1680/grim.11.00020, Vol. 166, Issue GI1, pp. 32–43.
  • [18] Fattah, M. Y., Al-Ani, M. M., Al-Lamy, M. T. A., (2014a), “Studying Collapse Potential of Gypseous Soils Treated by Grouting”, Soils and Foundations Journal, Vol. 54, No. 3, Elsevier Publishing.
  • [19] Fattah, M. Y., Al-Ani, M. M., Al-Lamy, M. T. A., (2014b), “Arabian Journal of Geosciences”, Springer Publishing, DOI 10.1007/s12517-014-1329-7.
  • [20] Hossain, D., (2001), “Influence of Gypsification on Engineering Behavior of Expansive Clay”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 127, p.p. 630–632.
  • [21] Houston, S.L., Houston, W.N. and Spadola, D.J. (1988), “Prediction of Field Collapse of Soil due to Wetting”, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. 1, pp. 40–58.
  • [22] Jennings, J.E. and Knight, K. (1957), “The Additional Settlement of Foundation due to a Collapse of Structure of Sandy Subsoil on Wetting”, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol.2, p.p. 316–319.
  • [23] Kemper, W.D., Olsen, J. and DeMooy, C.J., (1975), “Gypsum in Flowing Water”, Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings, Vol. 39, p.p. 458–463.
  • [24] Knight, K. (1963), “The Origin and Occurrence of Collapsing Soils”, Proceeding 3rd Regional Conference of Africa on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, p.p. 127–130.
  • [25] Lambrechts, J.R. and Lenoardos, G.A., (1978), “Effect of Stress History on Deformation of Sand”, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. GT11, p.p. 1371–1387.
  • [26] Nashat, I. H., (1990), “Engineering Characteristics of Gypseous Soils in Iraq”, Ph.D. Thesis, Civil Engineering Department, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
  • [27] Poterasu, A. M., (2013). “Experimental Investigation on Passive Earth Pressure on Walls Retaining Collapsible Soil”, M.Sc. thesis, Civil Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
  • [28] Saaed, S. A., and Khorshid, N. N., (1989), “Some Essential Characteristics of the Gypseous Soil of Al-Dour Area”, Proceedings of the 5th Scientific Conference, Scientific Research Council, (in Arabic), Vol. 4, Part 2, Baghdad.
  • [29] Seleam, S.N.M. (1988), “Geotechnical Characteristics of a Gypseous Sandy Soil Including the Effect of Contamination with Some Oil Products”, M.Sc. Thesis, Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • [30] Soliman, S. and Hanna, A. (2010), “Performance of Reinforced Collapsible Soil. GeoFlorida”, 2010: pp. 347–356. doi: 10.1061/41095(365)32, GeoFlorida 2010: Advances in Analysis, Modeling & Design, GeoFlorida 2010, GSP 199, Edited by Dante O. Fratta, Anand J. Puppala, and Balasingam Muhunthan.
  • [31] Taha, M. Y., Al-Obaydi, A. A. H., Taha, O. M. E., (2007), “The Use of Liquid Asphalt to Improve Gypseous Soils”, Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal, Vol.16, No.4, pp. 38–48, University of Al-Mosul, Iraq.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-3d418828-9ed4-40e2-b0d6-636b9310c60c
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