The Baltic Ring and BEMIP initiatives and their role in the energy security of Baltic states

• Autorzy: Mórawska Grażyna
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The following paper treats about the initiatives of Baltic Ring and the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (BEMIP). Their main purpose is to integrate the electric grid in the states located at the Baltic coast and to eliminate barriers in transmission of electricity between them. This goal is notably difficult to achieve because of three different systems of grid functioning in the Baltic region - the Nordel system connecting Norway, Sweden and Finland, the IPS/UPS system common for all the post-soviet countries including Russia, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, and the European system used by most countries of European Union. While the Baltic Ring at the moment of its creation was meant to be a plane for cooperation around the coastline of Baltic Sea, its noble objectives did not survive in the XXI century. The new incarnation of Baltic Ring, called Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan, does not even declare any will to cooperate with Russia nor Belarus. Its far-reaching goal is to desynchronize the electric grid of Baltic states with the IPS/UPS system and to connect them with the continental Europe. This plan is strongly supported by European Union and criticized by Russia. The main purpose of the following paper is to define the role of the European Union’s energy policy in relations between Russia and the Baltic states. The European strategy for limiting Russia’s influence is clearly visible in the area of electricity transmission. The Baltic states remain the most sensitive EU countries affected by that kind of influence, so that the BEMIP plan is focused mainly on enhancing their energy security.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Baltic Ring; energy security of Baltic states

• Wydawca: Instytut Polityki Energetycznej im. Ignacego Łukasiewicza
• Czasopismo: Energy Policy Studies
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: No. 1 (7)
• Strony: 3--11
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 27 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Mórawska Grażyna

• absolvent of Jagiellonian University in Kraków

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6503-4031

Bibliografia

• 1. ABB Review of BALTREL Annual Report, The Making of the Baltic Ring, 2001, https://library.e.abb.com/public/30641aa1cc265a0dc1256ddd00346da6/44-48%20M673%20.pdf (access: 20.03.2021).
• 2. Baltic Synchronisation report, ENTSOE 2016, https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/2016/insight-reports/baltic-synchronisation/ (access: 20.03.2021).
• 3. BALTREL Position Papers on Deregulated Power Market around Baltic Sea Region, 2002, https://www.energycharter.org/fileadmin/DocumentsMedia/Events/20021003-EPS_Seminar_Baltrel.pdf (access: 20.03.2021).
• 4. EU nuclear decommissioning assistance programmes in Lithuania, Bulgaria and Slovakia: some progress made since 2011, but critical challenges ahead, European Court of Auditors, 2016, https://www.eca.europa.eu/Lists/ECADocuments/SR16_22/SR_NUCLEAR_DE-COMMISSIONING_EN.pdf (access: 20.03.2021).
• 5. European Commission Energy News, New electricity connections between Lithuania, Poland and Sweden create "Baltic Ring", 2015, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/news/new-electricity-connections-between-lithuania-poland-and-sweden-create-baltic-ring_sl (access: 20.03.2021).
• 6. European Commission Memorandum of Understanding on the reinforced Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan 'BEMIP', 2015, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/BEMIP%20Memorandum%20of%20Understanding_2015.pdf (access: 20.03.2021).
• 7. JRC Science for Policy Report, The Baltic Power System Between East and West Interconnections, European Commission Report, 2016, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38632048.pdf (access: 20.03.2021).
• 8. Member list, ENTSO-E Official Website, https://www.entsoe.eu/about/inside-entsoe/members/ (access: 20.03.2021).
• 9. Objectives, ENTSO-E Official Website, https://www.entsoe.eu/about/inside-entsoe/objectives/ (access: 20.03.2021).
• 10. Questions and answers on the synchronisation of the Baltic States' electricity networks with the continental European network (CEN), European Commission, 2018, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/de/MEMO_18_4285 (access: 20.03.2021).
• 11. Report from 2016, ENTSO-E Official Website, https://tyndp.entsoe.eu/2016/insight-reports/baltic-synchronisation/ (access: 20.03.2021).
• Scientific papers:
• 1. Degaut M., What is Security?, May 2015, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310495076_What_is_Security (access: 01.09.2021).
• 2. Grinevičius M., Klevinskas G., Koraliovas L., Implementation of the Visaginas Nuclear Power Plant Project, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2009, https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/P1500_CD_Web/htm/pdf/topic1/1S03_G.%20Klevinskas.pdf (access: 20.03.2021).
• 3. Hanson Z., Russia’s Energy Diplomacy in the Baltic States, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013, https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=auctus (access: 20.03.2021).
• 4. Korovina E., Integration of the Baltic States into the Internal Energy Market of the European Union, University of Tampere 2013, https://trepo.tuni.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/94808/Korovina_gradu_oikea.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (access: 20.03.2021).
• 5. Malko J., NORDEL – Doświadczenia rynku energii elektrycznej, Rynek Energii nr 1(44), 2003, https://www.cire.pl/pokaz-pdf-%252Fpublikacje%252Fnordel.pdf (access: 20.03.2021).
• 6. Månberger A., Johansson B., Nilsson L. Assessing energy security: An overview of commonly used methodologies, Energy, August 2014, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263775239_Assessing_energy_security_An_overview_of_commonly_used_methodologies (access: 01.09.2021).
• 7. Milano James M., NATO Enlargement from the Russian Perspective, U.S. Army War College 1998, https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=453037 (access: 20.03.2021).
• 8. Naudužas V., BEMIP: “the ecstasy” of new energy policy?, OSCE official publications, 2010, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/4/c/67921.pdf (access: 20.03.2021).
• 9. Paceviciute I., Towards the Energy Union: The BEMIP and the Case of Lithuania, IAI Working Papers, 2017, http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1706.pdf (access: 20.03.2021).
• 10. Romanova T., Energy Policy of Russia: Still in a State of Flux, Researchgate, 2009, https://www.academia.edu/480589/Energy_Policy_of_Russia_Still_in_a_State_of_Flux_Energy_Pulling_the_Baltic_Sea_Region_To-gether_or_Apart_A_Spruds_and_T_Rostoks_eds_Riga_Zinatne_2009 (access: 20.03.2021).
• 11. Salaude E., The Baltic State's Integration into the European Energy Market: Between Russia's Energy Diplomacy and EU Policies, Researchgate 2018, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326467096_The_Baltic_State%27s_Integration_into_the_European_Energy_Market_Between_Russia%27s_Energy_Diplomacy_and_EU_Policies (access: 20.03.2021).
• 12. Sauhats A., Svalovs A., Svalova I., Development of algorithms for prevention of asynchronous operation in high-voltage networks, Researchgate, 2003, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4077847_Development_of_algorithms_for_prevention_of_asynchronous_operation_in_high-voltage_networks (access: 20.03.2021).
• 13. Zeleneva I., Russia’s energy geostrategy in the Baltic Sea region, Researchgate, 2013, https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/I-Zeleneva-2143487140 (access: 20.03.2021).
• 14. Zverev Y., Electric energy cooperation in the Baltic Sea region and the role of Russia in it, 2013 Issue No2(16), https://journals.kantiana.ru/upload/iblock/4f2/Zverev%20Yu._66-77.pdf (access: 20.03.2021).
• Legal acts:
• 1. Regulation (EC) No 714/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 on conditions for access to the network for cross-border exchanges in electricity and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1228/2003 (Text with EEA relevance), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32009R0714 (access: 01.09.2021).
• 2. Regulation (EU) 2019/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 on the internal market for electricity (Text with EEA relevance.), https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32019R0943 (access: 01.09.20).