Acceleration Process of Food Waste Treatment and Higher Quality Product with Innovative Rotary Kiln Composter

• Autorzy: Purwono Purwono , Zaman Badrus , Budihardjo Mochamad Arief , Iqbal Muhammad Junaid

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12912/27197050/192172

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The objective of this research is to utilize a rotary kiln composter to rapidly process food waste into mature and stable compost without the production of leachate. This research also ensures that the compost generated fulfil to the quality standards established by SNI 19-7030-2004. Furthermore, the operation of the rotary kiln composter can be assisted by using a smartphone, which simplifies the operation. Food waste was chopped and placed into a rotary kiln composter equipped with an aeration system (6 L/min), stirring mechanism, and remote-control functionality via mobile phone for automated operation. Further, a bulking agent was added with a ratio of food waste vs bulking agent of 70:30. The addition of microorganism mass was varied to speed up the composting process for 14 days. The results showed that the compost derived from food waste was stable within 3 days. The temperature of the food waste matrix reached 46 °C, and the pH value of the compost was close to neutral since day 4. In this study, no leachate was produced, either R1, R2, R3, or R4. The final total organic carbon (TOC) content was 12.12–15.22%, Total-N was 0.83–1.04%, phosphorus was 0.18%, and potassium was 1.05%. On the basis of the C / N value and the germination index (GI), the R2, R3, and R4 reactors produced mature and stable compost on the third day with C/N values < 20 and GI > 100%. This result is a good breakthrough because the rotary kiln composter can accelerate the composting process of food waste within 3 days.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

bulking agent; food waste; food loss; rotary kiln composter; rapid composter

• Wydawca: Lubelski Oddział Polskiego Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology ; WNGB Wydawnictwo Naukowe
• Czasopismo: Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 25, iss. 11
• Strony: 44--57
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 44 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Purwono Purwono

• Departement of Environmental Sciences, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta, Jl. Pandawa, Pucangan, Kartasura, 57168 Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5661-1577

autor

Zaman Badrus

• Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-9681

autor

Budihardjo Mochamad Arief

• Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1256-3076

autor

Iqbal Muhammad Junaid

• Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Semarang 50275, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-5067

Bibliografia

• 1. Adani, F., Baido, D., Calcaterra, E., Genevini, P. 2002. The influence of biomass temperature on biostabilization-biodrying of municipal solid waste. Bioresource Technology, 83(3), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00231-0
• 2. Ahn, C.H., Lee, S., Park, Y. 2024. Particle and bulk media characteristics of food waste compost-based biomedia by dynamic high-temperature aerobic composting process. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 35, 103711. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103711
• 3. Aminah, S., Sudarno, Purwono. 2017. Effect of aeration on leachate characteristics of organic waste processing by biodrying case study: Kale vegetables. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 6(1). Diponegoro University.
• 4. Ariyanti, M., Samudro, G., Handayani, D.S. 2019. Determination of the optimal ratio of organic waste materials to performance of compost solid phase microbial fuel cells (CSMFCs). Jurnal Presipitasi: Media Komunikasi Dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan, 16(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v16i1.24-28
• 5. Atmaja, I.K.M., Tika, I.W., Wijaya, M.A.S. 2017. Effect of raw material composition comparison on quality and composting time. Jurnal Beta (Biosistem Dan Teknik Pertanian), 5(1), 111–119.
• 6. Baptista, C.F.T., Rodrigues, R.P., & Quina, M.J. 2024. Composting of biowaste generated in university canteens and rural households: Converting waste into a valuable product. Sustainability, 16(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114368
• 7. Bernal, M.P., Alburquerque, J.A., Moral, R. 2009. Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment. A review. Bioresource Technology, 100(22), 5444–5453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.027
• 8. Bertoldi, M. De, Vallini, G., Pera, A. 1983. The biology of composting: a review. Waste Management & Research, 1, 157–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X8300100118
• 9. Bezama, A., Aguayo, P., Konrad, O., Navia, R., Lorber, K.E. 2007. Investigations on mechanical biological treatment of waste in South America: Towards more sustainable MSW management strategies. Waste Management, 27(2), 228–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.01.010
• 10. Budiarta, I.W., Setiyo, Y. 2017. Effect of aeration channels on composting of straw. Beta (Biosistem Dan Teknik Pertanian), 5(1), 68–75. http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/beta
• 11. Cabañas-Vargas, D.D., De los Ríos Ibarra, E., MenaSalas, J.P., Escalante-Réndiz, D.Y., Rojas-Herrera, R. 2013. Composting used as a low cost method for pathogen elimination in sewage sludge in Merida, Mexico. Sustainability, 5(7), 3150–3158.
• 12. Cesaria, R.Y., Wirosoedarmo, R., Suharto, B. 2014. Effect of starter use on the fermentation quality of tapioca liquid waste as an alternative to liquid fertilizer. Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 1(2), 8–14.
• 13. Choi, H.L., Richard, T.L., Ahn, H.K. 2001. Composting high moisture materials: Biodrying poultry manure in a sequentially fed reactor. Compost Science and Utilization, 9(4), 303–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2001.10702049
• 14. Colomer-Mendoza, F.J., Herrera-Prats, L., RoblesMart´ınez, F., Gallardo-Izquierdo, A., Pi˜naGuzm´an, A.B. 2013. Effect of airflow on biodrying of gardening wastes in reactors. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 25(5), 865–872.
• 15. Cooperband, L.R., Stone, A.G., Fryda, M.R., Ravet, J.L. 2003. Relating compost measures of stability and maturity to plant growth. Compost Science and Utilization, 11(2), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2003.10702118
• 16. Farahdiba, A.U., Warmadewanthi, I.D.A.A., Fransiscus, Y., Rosyidah, E., Hermana, J., Yuniarto, A. 2023. The present and proposed sustainable food waste treatment technology in Indonesia: A review. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 32(July), 103256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2023.103256
• 17. Faruq, H., Novelia, E., Setyaningsih, M., Nisa, R.A. 2021. The utilization of vegetable waste as a nutrient addition in hydroponic media for the growth of green mustard (Brassica juncea L.). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 755(1), 12078.
• 18. Fernández-González, J.M., Grindlay, A.L., SerranoBernardo, F., Rodríguez-Rojas, M.I., Zamorano, M. 2017. Economic and environmental review of Waste-to-Energy systems for municipal solid waste management in medium and small municipalities. Waste Management, 67, 360–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.05.003
• 19. FirlyYassindra, R. 2019. Food Loss dan Food Waste. Kompas.
• 20. Garsoni, S. 2011. Automatic composting machine. A modern way to solve the problem of garbage generation and waste generation (www.kencanaonline. com).
• 21. Guidoni, L.L.C., Marques, R.V., Moncks, R.B., Botelho, F.T., da Paz, M.F., Corrêa, L.B., Corrêa, É.K. 2018. Home composting using different ratios of bulking agent to food waste. Journal of Environmental Management, 207, 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.031
• 22. He, P.J., Shao, L.M., Qu, X., Li, G.J., Lee, D.J. 2005. Effects of feed solutions on refuse hydrolysis and landfill leachate characteristics. Chemosphere, 59(6), 837–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.10.061
• 23. Herdiani, E. 2016. Organic farming towards sustainable agriculture. Lembang. Diakses Pada, 26.
• 24. Herlina, F. 2010. Bioactivators effectiveness and utilization in bulking agents of water hyacinth as compost. Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari Banjarmasin, 35–44.
• 25. Martínez-Blanco, J., Colón, J., Gabarrell, X., Font, X., Sánchez, A., Artola, A., Rieradevall, J. 2010. The use of life cycle assessment for the comparison of biowaste composting at home and full scale. Waste Management, 30(6), 983–994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.02.023
• 26. Massoud, M.A., Tarhini, A., Nasr, J.A. 2009. Decentralized approaches to wastewater treatment and management : Applicability in developing countries. Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 652– 659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.07.001
• 27. Mathur, S.P., Owen, G., Dinel, H., Schnitzer, M. 1993. Determination of compost biomaturity. I. Literature Review. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 10(2), 65–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.1993.9754655
• 28. Montejo, C., Costa, C., Márquez, M.C. 2015. Influence of input material and operational performance on the physical and chemical properties of MSW compost. Journal of Environmental Management, 162, 240–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.07.059
• 29. Paredes, C., Bernal, M.P., Cegarra, J., Roig, A., Navarro, A.F. 1996. Nitrogen tranformation during the composting of different organic wastes. Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies, 121–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5450-5_19
• 30. Prasetiyo, N.A., Fidiastuti, H.R. 2015. Study on the effect of aeration speed and incubation time on the consorsia ability of indigenic bacteria in degrading leather liquid waste in the tanning industry of Malang City. Saintifika, 17(1).
• 31. Purwono, P., Hadiwidodo, M., Rezagama, A. 2016. Application of biodrying technology in high water content waste processing towards zero leachate. Jurnal Presipitasi: Media Komunikasi Dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan, 13(2), 75. https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v13i2.75-80
• 32. Ratna, D.A.P., Samudro, G., Sumiyati, S. 2017. Effect of moisture content on organic waste composting process using the takakura method. Jurnal Teknik Mesin, 6(2), 63. https://doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v6i2.1192
• 33. Sartika, W.S. 2017. The use of coconut fiber in improving the quality of organic fertilizer from tofu pulp. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 5(2), 142. https://doi.org/10.24127/bioedukasi.v5i2.793
• 34. Selim, S.M., Zayed, M.S., Houssam, M.A. 2012. Evaluation of phytotoxicity of compost during composting process. Nature and Science, 10(2), 69–77. http://www.sciencepub.net/nature/ns1002/012_8010ns1002_69_77.pdf
• 35. Sudomo, A. 2012. Germination of Sengon Seeds (F Alcataria Moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes (on 4 types of media), 2, 37–42.
• 36. Sukholthaman, P., Sharp, A. 2016. A system dynamics model to evaluate effects of source separation of municipal solid waste management: A case of Bangkok, Thailand. Waste Management, 52, 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.026
• 37. Tobing, E.L. 2009. Study on nitrogen, organic carbon (c) and c/n content from moonflower compost (Tithonia diversifolia), 1–54.
• 38. Trivana, L., Pradhana, A.Y. 2017. Optimization of composting time and quality of manure from goat manure and coconut coir dust with PROMI and orgadec bioactivators. Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 35(1), 136. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.29301
• 39. Velis, C.A., Longhurst, P.J., Drew, G.H., Smith, R., Pollard, S.J.T. 2009. Biodrying for mechanicalbiological treatment of wastes: A review of process science and engineering. Bioresource Technology, 100(11), 2747–2761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.026
• 40. Wafula, N.G., Li, G., Hu, K., Chen, J., Jin, C. 2024. Effect of calcium peroxide on the food waste composting process. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2(3), 32–40.
• 41. Widarti, B.N., Wardhini, W.K., Sarwono, E. 2015. The effect of C/N ratio of raw materials on making compost from cabbage and banana peels. Jurnal Integrasi Proses, 5(2), 75–80.
• 42. Winarso, S. 2005. Soil Fertility: Basic Soil Health and Quality. Gava Media.
• 43. Wu, H.-B., Niu, Y.-H., Liang, J. 2024. Effects of food waste biogas residue composting on soil aggregates and its organic matter content in relocation site. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao (The Journal of Applied Ecology), 35(5), 1331–1336.
• 44. Zucconi, F., Pera, A., de Berto M.F. 1981. Evaluation of toxicity of immature compost. BioCycle, 22(4), 54–57.