Precipitation Processes during Non-Isothermal Ageing of Fine-Grained 2024 Alloy

• Autorzy: Kozieł J. , Błaż L. , Włoch G. , Sobota J. , Lobry P.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/amm-2016-0030

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy procedures were used to manufacture very fine-grained bulk material made from chips of the 2024 aluminum alloy. Studies of solution treatment and precipitation hardening of as-received material were based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests and TEM/STEM/EDX structural observations. Structural observations complemented by literature data lead to the conclusion that in the case of highly refined structure of commercial 2024 alloys prepared by severe plastic deformation, typical multi-step G-P-B →θ” →θ’ →θ precipitation mechanism accompanied with G-P-B →S” →S’ →S precipitation sequences result in skipping the formation of metastable phases and direct growth of the stable phases. Exothermic effects on DSC characteristics, which are reported for precipitation sequences in commercial materials, were found to be reduced with increased milling time. Moreover, prolonged milling of 2024 chips was found to shift the exothermic peak to lower temperature with respect to the material produced by means of common metallurgy methods. This effect was concluded to result from preferred heterogeneous nucleation of particles at subboundaries and grain boundaries, enhanced by the boundary diffusion in highly refined structures. Transmission electron microscopy and diffraction pattern analysis revealed the development of very fine Al₄C₃ particles that grow due to the chemical reaction between the Al matrix and graphite flakes introduced as a process control agent during the preliminary milling of chips. Al₄C₃ nano-particles are formed at high temperatures, i.e. during hot extrusion and the subsequent solution treatment of the samples. Highly refined insoluble particles such as aluminum carbide particles and aluminum oxides were found to retard recrystallization and reduce recovery processes during solution treatment of preliminarily milled materials. Therefore, the as-extruded material composed of a milled part and chip residuals retained its initial bimodal structure in spite of solution heat treatment procedures. This points to a high structural stability of the investigated materials, which is commonly required for new technologies of high-strength Al-based materials production.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

AA2024 alloy; scrap metal milling; structure refining; powder metallurgy; precipitation hardening

• Wydawca: Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences ; Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 61, iss. 1
• Strony: 169--176
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 34 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Kozieł J.

• AGH - University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-611 Kraków, Poland

autor

Błaż L.

• AGH - University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-611 Kraków, Poland

autor

Włoch G.

• AGH - University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-611 Kraków, Poland

autor

Sobota J.

• AGH - University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-611 Kraków, Poland

autor

Lobry P.

• AGH - University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-611 Kraków, Poland

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Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę