Characterization of Landfill Leachate and their Toxic Effects on Germination and Seedling Growth of Various Plant Species – A Case Study

• Autorzy: Taha Rima Saed , Alkassasbeh Jaffar Y.M. , Alharbi Omar M.L. , Bouqellah Nahla A. , Sweity Amer , Jumanah D. Al-Shawabkeh

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/193481

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Leachate generated from landfills contains many toxic contaminants, such as dissolved organics, inorganic salts, ammonia, and heavy metals, which impact the surrounding environmental systems. This study characterized the AL-Mufarrihat Sanitary Landfill (MSL) leachate in Al-Medinah Al-Munawwarh (MM) province, Saudi Arabia, by analyzing important physicochemical parameters. Phytotoxicity was assessed using various higher plant bioassays, namely, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.), and corn (Zea mays L.). The effective concentration of seed germination represented by EC₅₀ was calculated using a USEPA computer program based on Finney’s Probit analysis method. Selected phytotoxicity test endpoint parameters, namely relative seed germination (RSG), relative root elongation (RRE), and germination index (GI) were determined. The tested leachate exhibited low concentrations of heavy metals, whereas high levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH³-N) were recorded. The mean EC ₅₀ values for MSL leachate exposed to B. oleracea, L. esculentum, C. sativus, and Z. mays were 2.66%, 3.12%, 4.27%, and 5.22%, respectively. These values indicate that B. oleracea was the most sensitive bioassay, whereas Z. mays was the least sensitive. All tested bioassays showed severe phytotoxic responses to the exposed higher leachate concentrations, represented by complete inhibition for RSG, RRE, and GI. Lower leachate concentrations exhibited stimulatory effects on RSG, whereas RRE and GI were hindered, even at these lower concentrations. The results revealed that although RSG and RRE were effective and promising parameters in phytotoxicity evaluation, GI was the most responsive parameter for phytotoxicity assessment. The high levels of organic and inorganic compounds in the leachate are likely the primary cause of the phytotoxicity observed in the bioassays. The results of this study highlight the pollution potential of landfill leachate in Saudi Arabia and will furnish supplementary reference information for hazard assessment and future leachate management.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

landfill leachate; physicochemical properties; plant bioassays; phytotoxicity; probit analysis

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 25, nr 11
• Strony: 335--353
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 101 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Taha Rima Saed

• Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
• Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia

• https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7532-8449

autor

Alkassasbeh Jaffar Y.M.

• Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia
• Directorate of Water and Soil Research, National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), Baq’a 19381, Jordan

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-9395

autor

Alharbi Omar M.L.

• Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-6243

autor

Bouqellah Nahla A.

• Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-3475

autor

Sweity Amer

• Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Medina Al-Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-2493

autor

Jumanah D. Al-Shawabkeh

• Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan

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