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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
In recent years, laptops have become very commonly used, causing a significant environmental impact. In Poland about 2 million portable computers are sold every year. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool which evaluates environmental impacts associated with a product throughout its life. In this paper, a screening life cycle assessment for a personal computer - Actina laptop, assembled, used and disposed in Poland was performed. Values for eleven impact categories were provided with the application of the Eco-indicator 99 method, expressing the significance of the burden on the environment. For the whole life cycle, the most significant stage is the use phase, due to electricity consumption (over 60% of all environmental impacts) followed by the manufacturing of the product with over 37% of the share.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
43--55
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., tab., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, Department of Management and Protection of Environment, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
autor
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, Department of Management and Protection of Environment, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] CHEN Y.T., Worldwide notebook shipments grow 33% on year in 2007, DigiTimes, 2008, retrieved from http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20080131PD209.html in January 2012.
- [2] Wikipedia, Laptop Sales, 2012, Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop#Sales in January 2012.
- [3] Tablets VS. Laptops, Laptop still dominate the enterprise Sep 07, 2011, retrieved from http://www.articlesbase.com/information-technology-articles/tablets-vs-laptops-laptop-still-dominate -the-enterprise-5198943.html in January 2012.
- [4] WILKINS M., Despite Media Tablet Inroads, The Notebook PC Lives On, 2011, retrieved from http://www.isuppli.com/Home-and-Consumer-Electronics/News/Pages/Despite-Media-Tablet-Inroads, -The-Notebook-PC-Lives-On.aspx in January 2012.
- [5] KOSTRZEWA A., First milion, 2008, retrieved from http://www.crn.pl/artykuly/archiwum/2008/3 /pierwszy-milion?searchterm=rynekkomputerów przenośnych in January 2012 (in Polish).
- [6] PASŁAWSKI K., IDC: in 2010 the sale of computers increased by half a million, 2011, retrieved from http://www.crn.pl/news/wydarzenia/badania-rynku/2011/01/idc-w-2010-r-sprzedaz-komputerow-w- polsce-wzrosla-o-pol-miliona#ixzz1qLkxC23W in January 2012 (in Polish).
- [7] CARRO C., High Tech Trash: Will Your Discarded TV or Computer End Up in a Ditch in Ghana, National Geographic, 2008, January, 64-86.
- [8] EN ISO 14040:2006, Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - principles and frame- work, CEN European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, 2006.
- [9] Life Cycle Assessment: Principles and Practice, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), EPA/600/R-06/060, May 2006.
- [10] GRZESIK K., Introduction to life cycle assessment - a new techniąue in the environmentalprotection, Environmental Engineering, AGH Krakow 2006, Vol. 11 (in Polish).
- [11] UNEP/SETAC, Life Cycle Approaches - the Road from Analysis t Practice. UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative, United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, 2005, Paris, France.
- [12] PENNINGTON D., POTTING J., FINNVEDEN G., LINDEIJER E., JOLLIET O., RYDBERG T., REBITZER G., Life cycle assessment. Part. 2. Current impact assessment practice, Environ. Int., 2004, 30, 721.
- [13] GAIDAJIS G., ANGELAKOGLOU K., Screening life cycle assessment of an office used for academic purposes, J. Clean. Product., 2011, 19, 1639.
- [14] FRANZE J., CIROTH A., Social LCA of an Ecolabeled Notebook, presentation, Life Cycle Assessment Conference, Portland X, 2010.
- [15] FRANZE J., CIROTH A., Social and environmental LCA of an ecolabeled notebook, presentation, LCM, Berlin, 2011.
- [16] CIROTH A., FRANZE J., LCA of an Ecolabeled Notebook - Consideration of Social and Environmental Impacts Along the Entire Life Cycle, GreenDeltaTC GmbH, Berlin, 2011.
- [17] Environmental Comparison of the Relevance of PC and Thin Client Desktop Eąuipment for the Climate, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Oberhausen, 2008.
- [18] LU L.T., WERNICK I.K., HSIAO T.Y., YU Y.H., YANG Y.M., MA H.W., Balancing the life cycle impacts of notebook computers: Taiwan's experience, Resour. Conserv. Recy., 2006, 48, 13.
- [19] DENG L., BABBITT C.W., WILLIAMS E.D., Economic-balance hybrid LCA extended with uncertainty analysis: case study of a laptop computer, Clean. Product., 2011, 19, 1198.
- [20] KUKLIŃSKI G., Life cycle assessment of a laptop computer, Master thesis, Department of Management and Protection of Environment, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow 2010 (in Polish).
- [21] GOEDKOOP M., SPRIENSMA R., The Eco-indicator 99. A Damage Oriented Method for Life Cycle Impact Assessment, Methodology Report, PRe Consultants B.V. Amersfoort, The Netherlands, 2001.
- [22] DREYER L.C., NIEMANN A.L., HAUSCHILD M.Z., Comparison of Three Different LCIA Methods: EDIP97, CML2001 and Eco-indicator 99: Does it matter which one you choose? Int. J. Life Cycle Assess., 2003, 8 (4) 191.
- [23] GOEDKOOP M., SCHRYVER A.D., OELE M., Introduction to LCA with SimaPro 7, PRe Consultants, February 2008.
- [24] KOWALSKI Z., KULCZYCKA J., GÓRALCZYK M., Life cycle assessment of production processes, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa, 2007 (in Polish).
- [25] LEWANDOWSKA A., Life cycle assessment of a product on the example of industrial pumps, Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej w Poznaniu, Poznań, 2006 (in Polish).
- [26] GÓRZYŃSKI J., Principles of the environmental analysis of products and establishments, Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne, Warszawa, 2007 (in Polish).
- [27] The production of electricity by fuels in years 2006-2008, Retrieved from http://www.cire.pl/rynekenergii/podstawa.php?smid=207#produkcja in September 2011 (in Polish).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-373a9366-ee76-4b75-b888-69ea7397c196