Comparison of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) by Poland and Latvia in the Perspective of the Environmental Objectives set by the European Union

• Autorzy: Janaszek Agata , Nartowska Edyta , Rozenvalde Alina , Zotovs Ivans

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.59440/ceer/175466

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The objective of this article is to present an analysis of the utilization of renewable energy sources in Latvia and Poland since their accession to the European Union (EU), and to evaluate the progress made in meeting the environmental targets established by the EU through the implementation of Directive 2009/28/EC. The analysis is based on data obtained from the "Our World in Data" database as well as government documents. The findings reveal that while Latvia has successfully met the EU requirements, Poland has yet to achieve the set targets. However, Poland efforts in the development of renewable energy sources indicate a promising trajectory, mirroring those undertaken by Latvia. These implemented measures can serve as a valuable reference for other countries in their pursuit of a greener future.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

renewable energy; greenhouse gas emissions; targets of environmentals; European Union

PL

energia odnawialna; emisja gazów cieplarnianych; cele środowiskowe; Unia Europejska

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
• Czasopismo: Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 33, no. 3
• Strony: 111--128
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 47 pioz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Janaszek Agata

• Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geomatics and Renewable Energy, Kielce University of Technology, Kielce, Poland

autor

Nartowska Edyta

• Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geomatics and Renewable Energy, Kielce University of Technology, Kielce, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2475-2640

autor

Rozenvalde Alina

• Faculty of Engineering, Latvia University of Life Science and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia

autor

Zotovs Ivans

• Faculty of Engineering, Latvia University of Life Science and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia

Bibliografia

• 1. Khan, Y et al. 2022. The effect of renewable energy sources on carbon dioxide emissions: Evaluating the role of governance, and ICT in Morocco. Renewable energy 190, 752-763.
• 2. Ritchie, H and Roser, M 2022. Energy Mix [electronic resource: https://ourworldindata.org/energy-mix], [Access 04.03.2023].
• 3. Ritchie, H and Roser, M 2022. CO2 emissions by fuel [electronic resource: https://ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-fuel] [Access 04.03.2023].
• 4. Ritchie, H Rossado, P and Roser, M 2022. Fossil Fuels [electronic resource: https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels] [Access 04.03.2023].
• 5. Olujobi, OJet al. 2022. Carbon emission, solid waste management, and electricity generation: a legal and empirical perspective for renewable energy in Nigeria. International Environmental Agreements 22, 599-619.
• 6. Depledge. J 2022. The “top-down” Kyoto Protocol Exploring caricature and misrepresentation in literature on global climate change governance. International Environmental Agreements 22, 673-692.
• 7. Wang, Cet al. 2022. Renewable energy output, energy efficiency and cleaner energy: Evidence from non-parametric approach for emerging seven economies. Renewable energy 198, 91-99.
• 8. European Union: Directive (EU) 2018/2001 Of The European Parliament And Of The Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, in: Official Journal of the European Union, L328/82.
• 9. Our World in Data database 2022. Annual change in primary energy consumption [electronic resource: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/change-energy-consumption, [Access 11.03.2023]
• 10. Wimmer L, Kluge J, Zenz H, Kimmich C 2023. Predicting structural changes of the energy sector in an input-output framework. Energy 265, 126178.
• 11. Chen, Cet al. 2023. Effect of equivalent heat input on WAAM Al-Si alloy. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 238, 107831.
• 12. Central Statistical Office, (Latvia), 2022. Population at the beginning of the year, its changes and main indicators of natural movement, [electronic resource: https://stat.gov.lv/lv/statistikas temas/iedzivotaji/iedzivotaju-skaits/tabulas/irs010-iedzivotaju-skaits-gada-sakumata?themeCode=IR], [Access 12.11.2022]
• 13. Central Statistical Office, (Latvia), 2022. Latvia's energy balance in 2022, [electronic resource: https://admin.stat.gov.lv/system/files/publication/2022- 08/Nr_23_Latvijas_energobilance_2021_gada_%2822_00%29_LV_1.pdf], [Access 12.11.2022].
• 14. Central Statistical Office, 2022. Fuel consumed in cogeneration plants, thermal energy and electricity produced, [electronic resource: https://stat.gov.lv/lv/statistikas_temas/noz/energetika/tabulas/enb140-kogeneracijas-stacijas-pateretais kurinamais?themeCode=EN.
• 15. Central Statistical Office, 2022. Production, import, export and consumption of electricity, [electronic resource: https://stat.gov.lv/lv/statistikas-temas/noz/energetika/tabulas/enb010m-elektroenergijas-razosana-imports-eksports-un?themeCode=EN], [Access 21.11.2022].
• 16. European Commision, 2020. Assessments of the final national energy and climate plan of Latvia, [electronic resource: https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021- 01/staff_working_document_assessment_necp_latvia_en_0.pdf], [Access 20.11.2022]
• 17. Ministry of Economics, 2022. Strengthening energy independence, [electronic resource: https://www.em.gov.lv/lv/energetiskas-neatkaribas-stiprinasana], [Access 21.11.2022].
• 18. Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia No. 150, Latvia), 2022. Regulations of the open competition "Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in households - support for the use of renewable energy resources" of the project financed by the emission allowance auction instrument.
• 19. Construction State Control Office (Latvia), 2022. Already in April, local governments will have access to support for switching central heating boiler houses from gas to renewable energy sources. [Electronic resource: https://www.bvkb.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/pasvaldibam-jau-aprili-bus-pieejams-atbalsts-centralizetas-siltumapgades-katlumaju-parslegsanai-no-gazes-uz-atjaunojamo-energoresursu-kurinamo?utm_source=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F],[Access 12.11.2022].
• 20. Law of the Republic of Latvia on measures to reduce the extraordinary increase in energy resource prices, (Latvia), 2022, [Electronic resource https://likumi.lv/ta/id/329532-energoresursu-cenu-arkarteja-pieauguma-samazinajuma-pasakumu-likums], [Access 12.11.2022].
• 21. Ministry of Economics, 2022b. Approves a new support program for renovation of multi apartment buildings, [electronic resource: https://www.em.gov.lv/lv/jaunums/apstiprina-jaunu-atbalsta-programmu-daudzdzivoklu-eku-atjaunosanai], [Access 20.11.2022].
• 22. Regulations on the support program for renovation of one-apartment residential houses and two apartment residential houses and increasing energy efficiency (2021), [electronic resource: https://likumi.lv/ta/id/321021-noteikumi-par-atbalsta-programmu-viena-dzivokla-dzivojamo-maju-atjaunosanai-un-energoefektivitates-paaugstinasanai], [Access 20.11.2022].
• 23. State Chancellery of the Republic of Latvia, (Latvia), 2022. Bill, [Electronic resource: https://tapportals.mk.gov.lv/structuralizer/data/nodes/9c9500c4-9702-4d4c-b274- 949d7e811b78/preview], [Access 12.11.2022]
• 24. Poland: Energy country Profile, 20 22 [Electronic resource: https://ourworldindata.org/energy/country/poland], [Access 15.11.2022].
• 25. Talarek, Ket al. 2022. Wind Parks in Poland - New Challenges and Perspectives. Energies 15, 7004.
• 26. Igliński, Bet al. 2022. The assessment of renewable energy in Poland on the background of the world renewable energy sector. Energy 261.
• 27. Nartowska, Eet al 2022. Assessment of the thermal power of groundwater intakes in the Kielce district. Civil and environmental engineering reports 32, 0025-0049.
• 28. Kałuża, Tet al. 2022. The hydropower sector in Poland: Barriers and the outlook for the future. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 163,112150.
• 29. Tylman, M, Sawicki, J and Vosteen, B 2022. Bromine-Enhanced Mercury Oxidation at the PGE GiEK lignite fired power plant Belchatów (Poland). 54th Power Plant Colloquium at October 18th and 19th International Congress Center Dresden.
• 30. Kujawska, Jet al. 2022. Analysis of the Energy Parameters of Selected Biomass and Biochar Types and the Environmental Impact of Their Ashes. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 32, 147-166.
• 31. Malec, M. 2022. The prospects for decarbonisation in the context of reported resources and energy policy goals: the case of Poland. Energy Policy 161, 112763.
• 32. European Commision, 2020b. Assessments of the final national energy and climate plan of Poland, [electronic resource: https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/202101/staff_working_document_assessment_necp_polan d_en_0.pdf], [Access: 20.11.2022].
• 33. Sokołowski, J et al. 2022. Hard coal phase-out and the labour market transition pathways: the case of Poland. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions 43, 80-98.
• 34. Ministry of Climate and Environment, 2021, Energy policy of Poland until 2040, [electronic resource: https://www.gov.pl/web/climate/energy-policy-of-poland-until-2040], [Access 20.11.2020].
• 35. Li, Y et al. 2020. Will Poland fulfill its coal commitment by 2030? An answer based on a novel time series prediction method. Energy reports 6, 1760-1767. 36. Chancellery of the Seym, 2021, On promoting electricity generation in offshore wind farms, [Electronic resource: https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20210000234/T/D20210234L.pdf], [Access 22.11.2022].
• 37. Service of the Republic of Poland, 2021. Electromobility, [Electronic resource: https://www.gov.pl/web/elektromobilnosc/o-programie], [Access 22.11.2022].
• 38. Cader, J et al 2021. Regional dependencies of interest in the “My Electricity” photovoltaic subsidy program in Poland. Energy Policy Journal 24, 97-116.
• 39. Ministry of Climate and Environment, 2022, PLN 250 million for the development of geothermal energy in Polish municipalities, [electronic resource: https://www.gov.pl/web/climate/pln-250- million-for-the-development-of-geothermal-energy-in-polish-municipalities], [Access 07.12.2022]
• 40. Ministry of State Assets, 2021. Social contract for mining signed, [electronic resource: https://www.gov.pl/web/aktywa-panstwowe/umowa-spoleczna-dla-gornictwa-podpisana], [Access 21.01.2023]
• 41. United states of America, Department of States, 2020. Agreement between the United States of America and Poland about Nuclear energy, [electronic resource: https://www.state.gov/wp.content/uploads/2021/05/21-224-Poland-Nuclear-Energy.pdf], [Access 06.12.2022]
• 42. Starzyk, A et al. 2023. Environmental and Architectural Solutions in the Problem of Waste Incineration Plants in Poland: A Comparative Analysis. Sustainability 15, 2599.
• 43. Chomać-Pierzecka, E et al. 2022. Hydropower in the Energy Market in Poland and the Baltic States in the Light of the Challenges of Sustainable Development-An Overview of the Current State and Development Potential. Energies 15, 7427.
• 44. Value of coal imports from Russia to Poland from 2000 to 2020, 2022, [electronic resource: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1295086/poland-coal-imports-value-from-russia/], [Access: 14.12.2022]
• 45. Stala-Szlugaj, K and Grudzinski, Z 2022. Alternative directions of coal supply to Poland as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Mineral Resources Management 38, 31-47.
• 46. About the Baltic pipe project, 2022, [electronic resource: https://www.baltic-pipe.eu/about/], [Access 14.12.2022]
• 47. Information about reserves, 2022, [electronic resource: https://www.conexus.lv/pazemes-dabasgazes-kratuve], [Access 14.12.2022].

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024)