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Tytuł artykułu

Economic coercion as a means of hybrid warfare: The South Caucasus as a focal poin

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EN
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The rapidly changing security environment has brought a plethora of non-military measures to the fore. These measures have completely changed the nature of hostilities by giving them a hybrid character. With regard to the South Caucasus region, the chasm among the political courses pursued by particular states makes the overall region more susceptible to diverse external threats of a political, economic, military and cultural nature. This paper focuses on the economic component of the hybrid warfare in the South Caucasus region. The issues are considered from a security point of view and not from an economic perspective. The vulnerabilities of particular nations in the region to economic coercion are highlighted in the paper and suggestions for improving them made. The authors underscore the regional unity in the South Caucasus as a prerequisite for eliminating or at least mitigating economic dependence and healing the “regional fracture” that has lasted for decades.
Rocznik
Strony
47--57
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 38 poz.
Twórcy
  • Military Scientific Research Institute, National Defence University, Yasamal district, str. academician Shafaet Mehdiev 136, AZ1065, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan
  • University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Elk Campus Branch, Tadeusz Kosciuszko Street 23, 19-300 Elk, Poland
Bibliografia
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  • 10. Drury A.C. (2005) ‘Economic coercion in theory and practice’, in C. Drury (ed.) Economic sanctions and presidential decisions. Advances in foreign policy analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 8–31. doi: 10.1057/9781403976956_2.
  • 11. Ducaru S.D. (2015) ‘Framing NATO’s approach to hybrid warfare’, in N Iancu, A Fortuna, C Barna and M Teodor (eds.), Countering hybrid threats: lessons learned from Ukraine. Amsterdam, Berlin, and Washington DC: IOS Press. pp. 3–11.
  • 12. Dudin M.N., Fedorova I.J., Ploticina L.A., Tokmurzin T.M., Belyaeva M.V. and Ilyin A.B. (2018) ‘International practices to improve economic security’, European Research Studies Journal, XXI(1), pp. 459–467. doi: 10.35808/ersj/962.
  • 13. EADaily (2022) Transfers were calculated in Armenia: Russia is the leader, Turkey closes a dozen. Available at: https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2022/01/27/v-armenii-podschitali-transferty-rossiya-lider-turciya-zamykaet-desyatku (Accessed: 18 December 2021).
  • 14. Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Federal Republic of Germany (2020) On November 10, 2020, a statement was signed by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia and the President of the Russian Federation. Available at: https://berlin.mfa.gov.az/en/news/3786/on-november-10-2020-a-statement-was-signed-by-the-president-of-the-republic-of-azerbaijan-the-prime-minister-of-the-republic-of-armenia-and-the-president-of-the-russian-federation (Accessed: 30 March 2022).
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  • 25. Lambert M. (2017) The Caucasus as a laboratory for Russian hybrid warfare. Available at: https://.macdonaldlaurier.ca/the-caucasus-as-a-laboratory-for-russian-hybrid-warfare-michael-lambert-for-inside-policy/ (Accessed: 1 December 2021).
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  • 27. Mouravi G.T. (2016) ‘External political actors and influences in the south Caucasus’, Sociology and Anthropology, 4(8), pp. 698–709. doi: 10.13189/sa.2016.040804.
  • 28. Nordby G. (2019) The four types of economic coercion. Available at: https://medium.com/@gnorby01/the-four-types-of-economic-coercion-810f1fd7f11a#:~:text=The%20four%20types%20are:%20Foreign,,%20Financial%20Power,%20and%20Trade (Accessed: 16 December 2021).
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  • 30. Piriyev H., Tahirov R. and Iskandarov K. (2022) The second Karabakh war. Military-political analysis. Baku: Militay Publishing House.
  • 31. PopulationU (2022) Countries by GDP. Available at: https://.populationu.com/gen/countries-by-gdp (Accessed: 23 May 2022).
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  • 34. Sehgal I. (2019) Strategic coercion through hybrid warfare. Available at: https://fp.brecorder.com/2019/02/20190215447229/ (Accessed: 16 December 2021).
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  • 36. Statista (2021) Caucasus countries: national debt from 2012 to 2022 in relation to gross domestic product. Available at: https://.statista.com/statistics/980478/national-debt-of-the-caucasus-countries-in-relation-to-gross-domestic-product-gdp/ (Accessed: 8 March 2022).
  • 37. The World Bank (2020) Ease of doing business ranking. Available at: https://.doingbusiness.org/content/dam/doingBusiness/pdf/db2020/Doing-Business-2020_rankings.pdf (Accessed: 4 February 2022).
  • 38. Uren D. (2020) The growing threat of economic coercion. Available at: https://aicd.companydirectors.com.au/membership/company-director-magazine/2020-back-editions/december/the-growing-threat-of-economic-coercion (Accessed: 18 December 2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-3333a4ec-b873-4183-913e-64319f888f9e
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