Use of graphene oxide as an active layer on a tapered fibre for detection of volatile liquid vapours : ammonium hydroxide, trimethyl phosphate, and 1,4-thioxane

• Autorzy: Krawczyk Julian , Korec-Kosturek Joanna , Kosturek Rafał , Jakubowska Iwona , Pakuła Anna , Djas Małgorzata , Kowiorski Krystian , Stasiewicz Karol A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/opelre.2025.154305

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper investigates the application of a G-Flake graphene oxide (GO) layer as an innovative coating material for optical fibre tapers, enhancing the sensor sensitivity to various volatile liquid vapours. The results confirm that this combination is effective because the formation of a monolayer of adsorbed gas alters light propagation in the tapered optical fibre. These changes are detectable across a broad wavelength spectrum, ranging from visible to infrared. In this study, three volatile liquids - trimethyl phosphate (TMP), 1,4-thioxane (THX), and ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) - were tested using pure THX and TMP without dilution, while NH₄OH was applied as a 25% solution. The gases used in the research simulate chemical warfare agents, such as sulphur mustard and sarin. The authors used the differential method to analyse the results, which revealed the formation of characteristic peak pairs around a wavelength of 795 nm. The peak heights and the distance between them varied over time in response to exposure to the selected vapours. Additionally, the amplitude of the transmitted power changes linearly in the first 30-45 min, with the highest power change rate observed for TMP (0.026 dBm/min at 789.2 nm). The greatest contrast between maximum and minimum power levels was observed for TMP, reaching 4.45 dBm. An approach was presented that demonstrates how a tapered fibre covered with GO can be used as the basis for developing a low-cost gas and vapour sensor.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

G-Flake graphene oxide layer; vapour detection; in-line optical fibre sensors; volatile liquid sensors; gas sensors; optical fibre technology

• Wydawca: Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich ; Polska Akademia Nauk ; Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
• Czasopismo: Opto-Electronics Review
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: Vol. 33, No. 2
• Strony: art. no. e154305
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 40 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Krawczyk Julian

• Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. św. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3553-1864

autor

Korec-Kosturek Joanna

• Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-2620

autor

Kosturek Rafał

• Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-715X

autor

Jakubowska Iwona

• Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4876-9292

autor

Pakuła Anna

• Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. św. Andrzeja Boboli 8, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-5185

autor

Djas Małgorzata

• Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Waryńskiego 1, 00-645, Warsaw, Poland
• Department of Functional Materials, Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-7134

autor

Kowiorski Krystian

• Department of Functional Materials, Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3857-3413

autor

Stasiewicz Karol A.

• Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7497-4380

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Uwagi

1. This work was supported by the Program of the Republic of Poland – Research Grant MUT project no. UGB 531-000031-W900-22.

2. Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).