Proces usuwania rozproszonych zanieczyszczeń ciekłych z paliw i wody z wykorzystaniem wysokosprawnych włókninowych struktur koalescencyjnych

Krasiński, A.

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Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Proces usuwania rozproszonych zanieczyszczeń ciekłych z paliw i wody z wykorzystaniem wysokosprawnych włókninowych struktur koalescencyjnych

Autorzy

Krasiński A.

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Przedmiotem badań, których wyniki przedstawiono w pracy, jest proces rozdzielania zdyspergowanych układów dwufazowych typu olej w wodzie (0/W) i woda w oleju (W/0) realizowany z wykorzystaniem wysokosprawnych struktur koalescencyjnych. Szczególny nacisk położono na usuwanie zemulgowanej wody z oleju napędowego, co stanowiło główny nurt badawczy i doprowadziło do opracowania nowatorskiego rozwiązania dwustopniowego kompaktowego filtra do montażu w pojazdach wyposażonych w silniki wysokoprężne. W pierwszym rozdziale pracy dokonano przeglądu metod separacji układów ciecz-ciecz, z naciskiem na urządzenia wyposażone w elementy koalescencyjne do rozdzielania stabilnych emulsji. Wskazano powszechnie obserwowane trudności oraz przedyskutowano znaczenie najistotniejszych parametrów, mających bezpośredni wpływ na ograniczenie skuteczności pracy struktur koalescencyjnych. Wykonano studium literaturowe dotyczące mechanizmu koalescencji rozproszonych kropel unoszonych w przepływie i związanych z nim modeli efektywności ich łączenia się. Następnie zestawiono i przedyskutowano różnorodne zależności opisujące skuteczność wychwytywania i koalescencji kropel dyspersji przepływającej przez złoże porowate. Sformułowano nowy model pozwalający na opis zjawisk depozycji i ociekania dużych kropel po koalescencji dla pojedynczej komórki obliczeniowej, który uwzględnia zarówno wpływ zwilżalności włókien i związanego z tym nasycenia struktury na skuteczność separacji, jak i umożliwia oszacowanie rozmiarów kropel i mechanizmów prowadzących do ich odłączania na wylocie. W części eksperymentalnej przeprowadzono w szerokim zakresie prace doświadczalne separacji dyspersji ciecz-ciecz z wykorzystaniem struktur polimerowych, celulozowych i włókien szklanych, w ramach których zweryfikowano tendencje podawane w literaturze przedmiotu oraz sformułowano wnioski, których część okazała się przeciwstawna doniesieniom literaturowym. Dla wyników odbiegających od ustalonych opinii nt. koalescencji kropel w strukturach włókninowych przedstawiono interpretację domniemanych mechanizmów mających wpływ na przebieg procesu. W ramach prac laboratoryjnych wykonano szereg modyfikacji badanych struktur koalescencyjnych w celu poprawy ich skuteczności. Badania separacji emulsji przeprowadzono w samodzielnie zaprojektowanej instalacji testowej, której uniwersalny charakter umożliwia badania separacji dyspersji wody w oleju i odwrotnej, a także prowadzenie eksperymentów w szerokim zakresie parametrów operacyjnych i dla różnej geometrii warstw włókninowych. Zwieńczeniem realizowanych badań doświadczalnych, wspartych teoretyczną analizą zjawisk i ich numerycznym opisem, jest zgłoszenie patentowe oraz praktyczne zastosowania opracowanych rozwiązań, których szczegóły przedstawiono w ostatnim rozdziale pracy.

The aim of the monograph is the separation of liquid-liquid emulsions performed using fibrous coalescence media. The emphasis was put on removal of dispersed water from diesel fuel, which was the main course of the research work. The problems of diesel fuel filtration are commonly observed issue due to change of fuel properties in recent years. Hence, devising of a high-efficiency water separation system arises from a real demand from filter manufacturers. The research described in the monograph led to designing of a new two-stage filter for mounting directly in vehicles, but it can be easily scaled-up for higher throughputs. In first part of this work a review of coalescence separators for highly emulsified and stable dispersions was carried out. The parameters which negatively affect the separation performance were pointed out. A literature study on mechanism of binary coalescence between two free-flowing droplets was done, including review of the coalescence efficiency models. Then relations and models, which describe the operation of the coalescence porous media, were presented and discussed. The new modelling approach for deposition of emulsion droplets and drainage of large ones after the coalescence, i.e. detaching from the fibrous structures, was formulated. The model includes the effect of fiber wettability and saturation on the efficiency of separation as well as it allows to estimate the size of detached droplets, and determine a dominant mechanism leading to droplet disengagement. Its assumptions and simplifications were discussed in details. In experimental part of the work a wide range of experiments were carried out using the coalescence structures made of polymers, fiberglass and cellulose. The tendencies described in literature were verified. For results which do not comply with trends reported in literature, own interpretation of mechanisms which affect the process was proposed. Some modifications of coalescence structures were carried out, the properties of applied functionalization was verified in laboratory, and in final stage the effect of modification was established in emulsion separation test. The in-house designed test rig enabled examination of various elements, i.e. in form of flat sandwiched multilayer media or in form of cylindrical cartridges of various sizes. The universal design of the experimental system allowed testing of both O/W or W/O emulsions at a wide range of operating parameters. The experimental research programme supported with theoretical analysis of mechanisms and its numerical description enabled to design a new type of diesel filter, which was patented. The prototype system was built and the high-efficiency was confirmed in testing, as described in last chapter of the monograph. Other practical applications of coalescence media designed for a specific process were described.

Słowa kluczowe

koalescencja kropel separator koalescencyjny filtracja odwadnianie paliw odolejanie wód metoda rozdmuchu stopionego polimeru modyfikacja powierzchni filtracyjne struktury hydrofobowe

coalescence of drops coalescence separator filtering dewatering of fuels dehydration of waters method of blowing molten polymer surface modification filtration hydrophobic structures

Wydawca

Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej

Czasopismo

Prace Wydziału Inżynierii Chemicznej i Procesowej Politechniki Warszawskiej

Rocznik

2017

Tom

Vol. 39, z. 2

Strony

3--152

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 157 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Krasiński A.

Katedra Inżynierii Procesów Zintegrowanych, Wydział Inżynierii Chemicznej i Procesowej, Politechnika Warszawska

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