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Disinformation as a threat to national security on the example of the COVID-19 pandemic

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EN
Abstrakty
EN
Nowadays, the vast majority of the threats to our security is related to information security, resulting in a significant transformation of national security systems. One such threat is disinformation, which is increasingly being used intentionally. The study examines certain impacts of disinformation on national security as a system, on the example of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the study explores some processes visible at the international level and reviews some external problems in connection with national security. Research methods and techniques implemented in the research process itself are primarily based on a critical analysis of the literature and the analysis and synthesis of published research results. The main findings show that the phenomenon of disinformation, which intensifies in crisis situations (e.g. related to the outbreak of a pandemic) contributes to the destabilization of public mood, hinders the functioning of the basic organs of the state and, consequently, increases the negative effects of crisis events. Secondly, the disinformation used during the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated its effects, causing damage on an unprecedented scale. The analyses show that the fight against disinformation must be based on the assumption that the security of the state depends primarily on the information awareness of each citizen. Social awareness is built through effective education aimed at raising basic medical knowledge. Disinformation has serious consequences for modern countries as it creates a new threat to their national security in peacetime.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
63--74
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 40 poz.
Twórcy
  • The Faculty of the Security, Logistics and Management, Military University of Technology, Poland
autor
  • The Faculty of the Security, Logistics and Management, Military University of Technology, Poland
Bibliografia
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  • 4. Bilmes, L.J. (2020) ‘Rethinking U.S. national security after COVID-19’, Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 26(3), pp. 1–11. doi: 10.1515/peps-2020-0055.
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  • 6. Buckley, C., Clem R. and Herron E. (2020) National security implications of the COVID-19 crisis: The urgent need to build state capacity. Available at: https://minerva.defense.gov/Ow... (Accessed: 17 January 2021).
  • 7. Castells, M. and Cardoso, G. (2006) The network society: From knowledge to policy. Washignton D.C.: Center for Transatlantic Relations.
  • 8. Cockerel, I. (2020) ‘A US-funded lab in Tbilisi, Georgia fights COVID-19 – and Russian disinformation’, War on Science, March 18. Available at: https://www.codastory.com/waro... (Accessed: 21 January 2021).
  • 9. Depoux, A., Martin, S., Karafillakis, E., Preet, R., Wilder-Smith, A. and Larson, H. (2020) ‘The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak’, Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(3), pp. 1–2. doi: 10.1093/jtm/taaa031.
  • 10. Domalewska, D. (2019) ‘The role of social media in emergency management during the 2019 flood in Poland’, Security and Defence Quarterly, 27(5), pp. 32–43. doi: 10.35467/sdq/110722.
  • 11. European Commission. (2018) Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions tackling online disinformation: A European approach. Com/2018/236 Final. Brussels, Belgium: Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology, European Commission.
  • 12. Gjørv, G.H. (2020) ‘Coronavirus, invisible threats and preparing for resilience’, NATO Review. Available at: https://www.nato.int/docu/revi... (Accessed: 14 January 2021).
  • 13. Glasdam, S. and Stjernswärd, S. (2020) ‘Information about the COVID-19 pandemic – A thematic analysis of different ways of perceiving true and untrue information’, Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1), pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100090.
  • 14. Górnikiewicz, M. and Szczurek T. (2017) ’Wschodnioazjatycka, a europejska perspektywa bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego: Wpływ różnic kulturowych na projektowanie polityki bezpieczeństwa ma przykładzie wybranych społeczeństw’, in Gębska M. (ed.) Współczesne bezpieczeństwo ekonomiczne i społeczno-kulturowe, Wymiar Międzynarodowy. Warszawa: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, pp. 465–482.
  • 15. Górnikiewicz, M. and Szczurek, T. (2018) Social media wars. The revolution has just begun. Warsaw: Military University of Technology.
  • 16. Hamilton, R.E. (2020) COVID-19 and pandemics: The greatest national security threat of 2020 and beyond. Available at: https://www.fpri.org/article/2... (Accessed: 15 January 2021).
  • 17. Hoffman F.G. (2009) ‘Hybrid warfare and challenges’, The Joint Forces Quarterly, 52 (1), pp. 34–39. Available at: https://smallwarsjournal.com/d... (Accessed: 14 January 2021).
  • 18. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2020) ‘I read the news today, oh boy’, Mindfulness, 11 (6), pp. 1570–1574. doi: 10.1007/s12671-020-01356-z.
  • 19. Kaźmierczak, D. (2017) ‘Walka informacyjna we współczesnych konfliktach i jej społeczne konsekwencje’, Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis, Studia de Securitate et Educatione Civili, 7, pp. 111–119. doi: 10.24917/20820917.7.
  • 20. Lentzos, F. (2018) The Russian disinformation attack that poses a biological danger. Available at: https://thebulletin.org/2018/1... (Accessed: 12 January 2021).
  • 21. Li, X., Xu, S., Yu, M., Wang, K., Tao, Y., Zhou, Y., Shi, J., Zhou, M., Wu, B., Yang, Z., Zhang, C., Yue, J., Zhang, Z., Renz, H., Liu, X., Xie, J., Xie, M. and Zhao, J. (2020) ‘Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan’, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 146(1), pp. 110–118. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.006.
  • 22. Liderman, K. (2012) Bezpieczeństwo informacyjne. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
  • 23. McLaughlin, S. (2020) America “only as safe as the least insured person,” Sanders says regarding coronavirus emergency’, The Washington Times, 13 March. Available at: https://www.washingtontimes.co... (Accessed: 16 January 2021).
  • 24. Nielsen, R.K., Fletcher, R., Newman, N., Brennen, J.S. and Howard, P.N. (2020) Navigating the ‘Infodemic’: How people in six countries access and rate news and information about coronavirus. Available at: https://reutersinstitute.polit... aboutcoronavirus (Accessed: 17 January 2021).
  • 25. Pisarek, W. (2007) O mediach i języku. Cracow: Universitas.
  • 26. Potejko, P. (2009) ‘Bezpieczeństwo informacyjne’, in Wojtaszczyk, K.A. and Materska-Sosnowska, A. (eds.) Bezpieczeństwo państwa. Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawnicza ASPRA-JR, pp. 193–198.
  • 27. Roepke, W. and Thankey H. (2019) ‘Resilience: the first line of defence’, NATO Review. Available at: https://www.nato.int/docu/revi... (Accessed: 16 January 2021).
  • 28. Rogozin, D. (2011) Voyna i mir v Terminakh i Opredeleniyakh. Voyenno-politicheskiy Slovar. Moscow: Veche.
  • 29. Roozenbeek, J., Schneider, C.R., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A.L.J., Recchia, G., Bles, A.M. and Linden, S. (2020, Oct 14) ‘Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world’, Royal Society Open Science, 7(10), pp. 1–15. doi: 10.1098/rsos.201199.
  • 30. Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S.K., Sharma, N., Verma, S.K. and Kaushal, V. (2020) ‘Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 pandemic’, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083.
  • 31. Søe, S.O. (2014) ‘Information, misinformation og disinformation: Ensprogfilosofisk analyse’, Nordisk Tidsskrift for Informationsvidenskab og Kulturformidling, 3(1), pp. 21–30. doi: 10.7146/ntik.v3i1.25959.
  • 32. Szczurek, T. (2009) Konflikty zbrojne. Problematyka filozoficzno-moralna. Warsaw: Military University of Technology.
  • 33. Szczurek, T. (2019) Wyzwania dla bezpieczeństwa – Niepewna przyszłość między zagrożeniami a szansami. Warsaw: Military University of Technology.
  • 34. Szczurek, T., Walkowiak M. and Bryczek-Wróbel P. (2020) Military, non-military and paramilitary threats. Warsaw: Military University of Technology.
  • 35. Ventola, C.L. (2014) ‘Social media and health care professionals: Benefits, risks, and best practices’, Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 39 (7), pp. 491–520. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p... (Accessed: 11 January 2021).
  • 36. Wang, Y., McKee, M., Torbica, A., and Stuckler, D. (2019) ‘Systematic literature review on the spread of health-related misinformation on social media, Social science & medicine, 240 (1), pp. 1–12, doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112552.
  • 37. Wong, A., Ho, S., Olusanya, O., Antonini, M.V. and Lyness, D. (2020) ‘The use of social media and online communications in times of pandemic COVID-19’, Journal of the Intensive Care Society, (October 2020), pp.1–6. doi: 10.1177/1751143720966280.
  • 38. World Health Organization (WHO) (2020a) Nfwangwovel coronavirus (2019 nCoV) Situation report 13. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/defau... (Accessed: 11 January 2021).
  • 39. World Health Organization (WHO) (2020b) Social media. Available at: https://www.who.int/communicat... health/functions/social-media/en/ (Accessed: 11 January 2021).
  • 40. Wright, R. (2020) ‘The coronavirus pandemic is now a threat to national security’, The New Yorker, 7 October. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/news... (Accessed: 11 January 2021).
Uwagi
„Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).”
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-322c6fc6-befd-4661-9521-ef9e98da9f16
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