Influence of fertilization on microbial activities, soil hydrophobicity and mineral nitrogen leaching

• Autorzy: Elbl J. , Vaverková M. , Adamcová D. , Plošek L. , Kintl A. , Lošák T. , Hynšt J. , Kotovicová J.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/eces-2014-0048

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ nawożenia na aktywność mikroorganizmów, hydrofobowość gleby oraz wypłukiwanie azotu mineralnego

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This work presents the analysis of the influence of compost and reclamation substrate addition and mineral fertilizers application on leaching of mineral nitrogen, microbial activities, soil hydrophobicity and plant biomass production. To demonstrate the effect of compost, reclamation substrate and mineral nitrogen (Nmin) addition on above parameters, the pot experiment was performed. As a model crop, Deschampsia caespitosa L. was used and cultivated for 63 days in climate chamber. The leaching of Nmjn was measured by application of ion exchange discs, soil hydrophobicity was determined based on the values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and microbial activity was expressed as basal (BR) and substrate induced respiration (SIR). Four variants (V1-V4) with different doses of fertilizers were prepared: V1 - control without addition of fertilizers; V2 - this variant of experiment was prepared as mixture of compost and arable land in ratio 7:3; V3 - 90 g/m2 of mineral fertilizers NPK (in the ratio 1:1:1) were applied there and into V4, dose 30 g of compost were applied. The significant differences (P < 0.05) in the detection of Nmin, values of Ksat and SIR were found. The highest decrease of mineral nitrogen leaching was observed by the simultaneous applications of compost (V4) to arable soil, about 50% in comparison with the variant V4 (application of mineral fertilization) and about 10% in comparison with the control. Variants with addition of compost (V2 and V4) showed higher values than variants without, which were measured at three stages (before application of Nmin - 12 days after establishment of the experiment; after application of Nmin - 34 days; at end of the experiment - 63 days). During the experiment, two types of respiration were measured: BR and SIR. The significant differences in SIR were found between variants with addition of compost and variants without. The SIR (cumulative production of CO2) was higher about 25% in variants V2 and V4 compared to variants V1 and V3. The highest values of Ksat were found in variants with addition of compost. Conversely, the lowest value of Ksat was detected in variant with addition of Nmin. Low values of Ksat indicate an increased level of hydrophobicity.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę wpływu kompostu, substratu rekultywacyjnego oraz zastosowanie nawozów mineralnych na wymywanie azotu mineralnego, działalności mikroorganizmów, hydrofobowość gleby i produkcję biomasy roślinnej. W celu zbadania efektu wykorzystania kompostu, substratu rekultywacyjnego oraz azotu mineralnego (Nmin) został przeprowadzony eksperyment w doniczkach. Jako modelowa roślina została wykorzystana Deschampsia caespitosa L, którą hodowano przez 63 dni w komorze klimatycznej. Wymywanie Nmin zostało zmierzone przy zastosowaniu tarcz jonowymiennych, hydrofobowość gleby określono na podstawie wartości przewodnictwa nasyconego hydraulicznego (Ksat), a aktywność mikrobiologiczną wyrażono jako podstawową (BR) oraz wskaźnik oddychania podłoża (SIR). Wykorzystano cztery próbki (V1-V4) o różnych dawkach nawozów: V1 - kontrola bez dodatku nawozu, V2 - mieszanka kompostu oraz gleby w stosunku 7:3, V3 - 90 g/m2 nawozu mineralnego NPK (w stosunku 1:1:1) oraz V4 - dawka 30 g kompostu. Stwierdzono znaczne różnice (P < 0,05) w badaniu Nmin, wartości Ksat oraz SIR. Największy ubytek azotu mineralnego zaobserwowano podczas jednoczesnej aplikacji kompostu (V4) do gleby uprawnej, około 50% w porównaniu z próbką V4 (zastosowanie nawożenia mineralnego) i około 10% w porównaniu z kontrolą. Próbki z dodatkiem kompostu (V2 i V4) wykazywały wyższe wartości niż próbki bez kompostu, co zostało zmierzone w trzech etapach (przed zastosowaniem Nmin - 12 dni po rozpoczęciu eksperymentu, po zastosowaniu Nmin - 34 dni oraz na koniec eksperymentu - 63 dni). Podczas eksperymentu respiracja była mierzona: BR oraz SIR. Wyraźne różnice w SIR zostały zaobserwowane pomiędzy próbkami z dodatkiem kompostu oraz próbkami bez dodatku kompostu. SIR (skumulowana produkcja CO2) była wyższa o około 25% w próbkach V2 oraz V4 w porównaniu z próbkami V1 oraz V3. Najwyższe wartości Ksat zaobserwowano w przypadku próbek z dodatkiem kompostu. Wartość najniższą Ksat zaobserwowano dla próbek bez dodatku Nmin. Niskie wartości Ksat wykazują zwiększony poziom hydrofobowości.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

compost; reclamation substrate; microbial activity; mineral nitrogen; soil hydrophobicity

PL

kompost; substrat rekultywacyjny; działalność mikroorganizmów; azot mineralny; hydrofobowość gleby

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 21, nr 4
• Strony: 661--676
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 36 poz., tab., wykr., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Elbl J.

• Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic, phone [phone]

autor

Vaverková M.

• Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic, phone [phone]

autor

Adamcová D.

• Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic, phone [phone]

autor

Plošek L.

• Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic, phone [phone]

autor

Kintl A.

• Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic, phone [phone]

autor

Lošák T.

• Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic, phone [phone]

autor

Hynšt J.

• Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic, phone [phone]

autor

Kotovicová J.

• Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic, phone [phone]

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