The 2D-steganography method based on analysis of two adjacent LSB

• Autorzy: Dobryakova L. , Ochin E.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In computing, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) is the bit position in a binary integer giving the units value, that is, determining whether the number is even or odd. We do not use this format. In conventional Intel bit ordering, the Most Significant Bit (MSB) is numbered 7 and the least significant bit (LSB) is numbered 0: 2⁷ (MSB) 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰ (LSB) D = d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 For example, if on the record of number D = 131 = 10000011 we invert the MSB = 1 into MSB = 0, then obtain D = 00000011 = 3, but if we invert LSB = 1 into LSB = 0, then distortions are considerably fewer: D = 10000010 = 130. It is common to assign each bit a position number, ranging from zero to N – 1, where N is the number of bits in the binary representation used. Normally, this is simply the exponent for the corresponding bit weight in base-2 (such as in 2⁷, 2⁶, …, 2¹, 2⁰). In this article to reduce the stego-errors we use a pair of numbers D₁ and D₂ and a pair of corresponding LSB d₁,₀ and d₂,₀.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

steganography; container; embedding of dates; stego-message; Least Significant Bit; LSB

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: nr 40 (112)
• Strony: 95--99
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 7 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Dobryakova L.

• West Pomeranian University of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology 71-210 Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 49

autor

Ochin E.

• Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Navigation 70-500 Szczecin, ul. Wały Chrobrego 1–2

Bibliografia

• 1. OCHIN E., DOBRYAKOVA L., PIETRZYKOWSKI Z., BORKOWSKI P.: The application of cryptography and steganography in the integration of seaport security subsystems. Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin 26(98), 2011, 80–87.
• 2. BENDER W., GRUHL B., MORIMOTO N., LU A.: Techniques for data hiding. IBM Systems Journal 35, 3, 1996.
• 3. OCHIN E., DOBRYAKOVA L.: Metoda steganograficzna na podstawie analizy LSB dwóch sąsiednich próbek danych jednowymiarowych. Metody Informatyki Stosowanej 4, 2011.
• 4. Gribunin W., Okov I., Тurincev I.: Cifrovaâ steganografiâ. SOLON-Press, Moskva, 2002.
• 5. PETITCOLAS F., ANDERSON R., KUHN M.: Information Hiding – A Survey. Proceedings IEEE, Special Issue on Identification and Protection of Multimedia Information, Vol. 87, No. 7, 1999. Pfitzmann B., Information Hiding Terminology. In: Information Hiding. Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science. V. 1174, 1996.
• 6. KONAHOVIČ G., PUZYRENKO А.: Komp’ûternaâ stenografiâ. Teoriâ i praktika. MK-Press, Kuev, 2006.
• 7. OSBORNE C., VAN SCHYNDEL R., TIRKEL A.: A Digital Watermark. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 1994.