TEM Study of Recrystallization in Ultra-Fine Grain AA3104 Alloy Processed by High-Pressure Torsion

• Autorzy: Paul H. , Morawiec A. , Baudin T. , Czeppe T.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/amm-2015-0021

Warianty tytułu

PL

Analiza procesu rekrystalizacji w stopie AA3104 przetwarzanym w procesie HPT z wykorzystaniem technik transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The effect of annealing on the microstructure and the texture development was investigated in a particle containing AA3104 aluminium alloy. The samples were processed at room temperature by high-pressure torsion (HPT) up to ten turns. The nucleation of new grains was analyzed by a transmission electron microscope equipped with a system for local orientation measurements and a heating holder. The shear deformation induces a decrease of the grain size. After the first two turns of the HPT processing the initial structure of large grains was ‘transformed’ into a structure of fine cells/grains with the diameter of a few tens of nanometers. In the central areas of the samples the elongated shape of the cells/grains was observed up to six turns. For higher deformations, this structural inhomogeneity was totally removed and only the equiaxed grains were observed. The crystal lattice of small grains rotates in such a way that the <111> direction is parallel to the compression axis. After annealing the structure coarsened. Nevertheless, after primary recrystallization, the structure was still composed of relatively fine and equiaxed grains of a similar size. In most of the observed cases the size of the recrystallized grains in the areas close to and far from the large second phase particles was similar. The recrystallization leads to the creation of new texture components. The new grain orientations lost the positions typically observed in the deformed state and showed the tendency for the coincidence of the <100> crystallographic directions with the compression axis.

PL

W pracy analizowano wpływ warunków wyżarzania na zmiany mikrostrukturalne i teksturowe w stopie AA3104 zawierającym wydzielenia cząstek drugiej fazy. Próbki odkształcano z wykorzystaniem techniki skręcania pod wysokim ciśnieniem (HPT), do dziesięciu obrotów, w temperaturze otoczenia. Proces zarodkowania nowych ziaren analizowano z wykorzystaniem transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej wyposażonej w system pomiaru orientacji lokalnych oraz ‘heating holder’. Zaobserwowano, że w miarę wzrostu liczby obrotów, intensywne ścinanie prowadzi do silnego zmniejszenia wielkości ziarna. Po dwu obrotach, wyjściowa struktura dużych ziaren uległa przekształceniu w strukturę drobnoziarnistą złożoną z ziaren o wielkości kilkudziesięciu nanometrów. W obszarach próbki zbliżonych do osi obrotu wydłużony kształt ziaren obserwowano do sześciu obrotów. W zakresie wyższych stopni odkształcenia ta niejednorodność strukturalna zanika; obserwowano jedynie równoosiowe ziarna. Orientacja sieci krystalicznej tych ziaren formuje silną teksturę osiową z kierunkiem <111> usytuowanym równolegle do kierunku normalnego (osi ściskania/skręcania). Po wyżarzaniu struktura ulega ‘pogrubieniu’. Jednakże, w zakresie rekrystalizacji pierwotnej, w dalszym ciągu pozostaje równoosiowa i silnie rozdrobniona. W większości obserwowanych przypadków wielkość zrekrystalizowanych ziaren w obszarach położonych zarówno w pobliżu, jak i w znacznej odległości od dużych wydzieleń cząstek drugiej fazy, była na zbliżonym poziomie. Proces wyżarzania prowadzi do pojawienia się nowych składowych tekstury. Orientacje nowych ziaren są odmienne od tych, jakie obserwowano w stanie zdeformowanym i wykazują silną tendencję do sytuowania kierunku <100> równolegle do osi ściskania/skręcania.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

high pressure torsion; AA3104 alloy; TEM orientation mapping; texture; microstructure

PL

skręcanie pod wysokim ciśnieniem (HPT); stop AA3104; TEM; tekstura; mikrostruktura

• Wydawca: Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences ; Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 60, iss. 1
• Strony: 131--144
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 51 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Paul H.

• Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, 30-059 Krakow, 25 Reymonta St., Poland

autor

Morawiec A.

• Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, 30-059 Krakow, 25 Reymonta St., Poland

autor

Baudin T.

• Université Paris-Sud, Icmmo, Cnrs Umr 8182, Laboratoire De Physico-Chimie De L'etat Solide, Orsay, F-91405, France

autor

Czeppe T.

• Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, 30-059 Krakow, 25 Reymonta St., Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] R. Z. Valiev, R. K. Islamgaliev, I. V. Aleksandrov, Bulk nanos-tructured materials from severe plastic deformation, Progr. Mater. Sci. 45(2), 103-189 (2000).
• [2] A. P. Zhilyaev, T. G. Langdon, Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing: Fundamentals and applications, Prog. Mat. Sci. 53, 893-979 (2008).
• [3] I. Sabirov, M. Yu. Murashkin, R. Z. Valiev, Nanostructured aluminium alloys produced by sever plastic defromation: New hori-zons in development, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 560, 1-24 (2013).
• [4] M. J. Starink, X. Cheng, S. Yang, Hardening of pure metals by high-pressure torsion: A physically based model employing volume-average defect evolutions, Acta Mater. 61, 183-191 (2013).
• [5] J. Zhang, N. Gao, M. J. Starink, Micostructure development and hardening during high pressure torsion of commercially pure aluminium: strain reversal experiments and a dislocation based model, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 528, 2581-2591 (2011).
• [6] J. Zhang, M. J. Starink, N. Gao, W. Zhou, Effect of Mg addition on strengthening of aluminium alloys subjected to different strain paths in high pressure torsion, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 528, 2093-2099 (2011).
• [7] A. Loucif, R. B. Figueiredo, T. Baudin, F. Brisset, R. Chemam, T.G. Langdon, Ultrafine grains and the Hall-Petch relationshop in an Al-Mg-Si alloy processed by high-pressure torsion, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 532, 139-145 (2012).
• [8] A. Loucif, R. B. Figueiredo, T. Baudin, F. Brisset, T. G. Lang-don, Microstructural evolution in an Al-6061 alloy processed by high-pressure torsion, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 527, 4864-4869 (2010).
• [9] E. C. Moreno-Valle, I. Sabirov, M. T. Perez-Prado, M. Y. Murashkin, E. V. Bobruk, R. Z. Valiev, Effect of the grain refine-ment via sever plastic deformation on strength properties and deformation behaviour of an Al6061 alloy at room and cryo-genic temperatures, Materials Letters 65, 2917-2919 (2011).
• [10] A. Loucif, R. B. Figueiredo, T. Baudin, F. Brisset, R. Chemam, T. G. Langdon, Effect of ageing on microstructural development in an Al-Mg-Si alloy processed by high-pressure torsion, J. Mater. Sci. 47, 7815-7820 (2012).
• [11] S. Sabbaghianrad, M. Kawasaki, T. G. Langdon, Microstruc-tural evolution and the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy processed by high-pressure torsion, J. Mater. Sci. 47, 7789-7795 (2012).
• [12] M. Eddahbi, A. Borrego, M. A. Monge, G. González-Doncel, Microstructure gradient after hot torsion deformation of pow-der metallurgical 6061 alloy, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 555, 154-164 (2012).
• [13] N. Lugo, N. Llorca, J. M. Cabrera, Z. Horita, Microstructures and mechanical properties of pure copper deformed severely by equal-channel angular pressing and high pressure torsion, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 477, 366-371 (2008).
• [14] X. H. An, S. D. Wu, Z. F. Zhang, R. B. Figueiredo, N. Gao, T. G. Langdon, Evolution of microstructural homogeneity in copper processed by high-pressure torsion, Scripta Mater. 63, 560-563 (2010).
• [15] T. Hebesberger, H. P. Stüwe, A. Vorhauer, F. Wetscher, R. Pippan, Structure of Cu deformed by high pressure torsion, Acta Mater. 53, 393-402 (2005).
• [16] Y. Z. Tian, J. J. Li, P. Zhang, S. D. Wu, Z. F. Zhang, M. Kawasaki, T. G. Langdon, Microstructures, strengthening mechanisms and fracture behaviour of Cu-Ag alloys processed by high-pressure torsion, Acta Mater. 60, 269-281 (2012).
• [17] J. Wongsa-Ngam, M. Kawasaki, T. G. Langdon, Achieving in homogeneity in a Cu-Zr alloy processed by high-pressure torsion, J. Mater. Sci. 47, 7782-7788 (2012).
• [18] F. J. Humphreys, M. Hatherly, Recrystallization and Related An-nealing Phenomena, 2nd edition, Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2003.
• [19] R. D. Doherty, D. A. Hughes, F. J. Humphreys, J. J. Jonas, D. Juul Jansen, M. E. Kassner, W. E. King, T. R. McNeally, H. J. McQueen, A. D. Rollett, Current issues in recrystallization: A review, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 238, 219-274 (1997).
• [20] O. Engler, X. W. Kong, K. Lücke, Recrystallization textures of particle-containing Al-Cu and Al-Mn single crystals, Acta Mater. 49, 1701-1715 (2001).
• [21] B. Yang, H. Vehoff, A. Hohenwarter, M. Hafok, R. Pippan, Strain effects on the coarsening and softening of electrode-posited nanocrystalline Ni subjected to high pressure torssion, Scripta Mater. 58, 790-793 (2008).
• [22] X. Z. Liao, A. R. Klimametov, R. Z. Valiev, H. Gao, X. Li, A.K. Murherjee, J.F. Bingert, Y.T. Zhu, High-pressure torsion-induced grain growth in electrodeposited nanocrys-talline Ni, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 021909 (2006).
• [23] D. Orlov, P. P. Bhattacharje, Y. Todaka, M. Umemoto, N. Tsuji, Texture evolution in pure aluminium subjected to monotonous and reversal straining in high-pressure torsion, Scripta Mater. 60, 893-896 (2009).
• [24] Z. Yao, G. Huang, A. Godfrey, W. Liu, Dislocation boundary structure from low to medium strain of cold rolling AA3104 aluminum alloy, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 40A, 1487-1497 (2009).
• [25] Q. Liu, Z. Yao, A. Godfrey, W. Liu, Effect of particles on microstructural evolution during cold rolling of the aluminium alloy AA3104, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 482, 264-271 (2009).
• [26] W. C. Liu, P. P. Zhai, Characterization of microstructures near grain boundary in hot deformed AA3104 aluminium alloy, Mater. Character 62, 81-89 (2011).
• [27] H. Paul, T. Baudin, F. Brisset, Effect of strain path and sec-ond phase particles on microstructure and texture evolution of AA3104 aluminum alloy processed by ECAP, Arch. Metall. Mater. 56, 245-261 (2011).
• [28] H. Paul, A. Morawiec, T. Baudin, Early stages of recrystallization in ECAP-deformed AA3104 alloy investigated using SEM and TEM orientation mappings, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 43A, 4777-4793 (2012).
• [29] S. Bhaumik, X. Molodova, G. Gottstein, Effect of stress and the annealing behaviour of severely plastically deformed aluminum alloy 3103, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 527, 5826-5830 (2010).
• [30] A. Etienne, B. Radiguet, C. Genevois, J-M. Le Breton, R. Va-liev, P. Pareige, Thermal stability of ultrafine-grained austenitic stainless steels, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 527, 5805-5810 (2010).
• [31] Y. Z. Tian, S. D. Wu, Z. F. Zhang, R. B. Figueiredo, N. Gao, T. G. Langdon, Strain hardening behavior of a two-phase Cu-Ag alloy processed by high-pressure torsion, Acta Mater. 59, 2783-2796 (2011).
• [32] P. A. Beck, Notes on the theory of annealing textures, J. Appl. Phys. 20, 633-634 (1949).
• [33] R. W. Cahn, A new theory of recrystallization nuclei, Proc. Phys. Soc. A 63, 323-336 (1950).
• [34] C. Xu, Z. Horita, T. G. Langdon, The evolution of homogeneity in processing by high-pressure torsion, Acta Mater. 55, 203-212 (2007).
• [35] E.C. Moreno-Valle, I. Sabirov, M. T. Perez-Prado, M. Y. Murashkin, E. V. Bobruk, R. Z. Valiev, Effect of the grain refine-ment via severe plastic deformation on strength properties and deformation behavior of an Al6061 alloy at room and cryogenic temperatures, Materials Letters 65, 2917-2919 (2011).
• [36] B. B. Straumal, B. Baretzky, A. A. Mazilkin, F. Phillipp, O. A. Kotgenkova, M. N. Volkov, R. Z. Valiev, Formation of nanograined structure and decomposition of supersaturated solid solution during high pressure torssion of Al-Zn and Al-Mg alloys, Acta Mater. 52, 4469-4478 (2004).
• [37] B. Straumal, R. Valiev, O. Kotgenkova, P. Zięba, T. Czeppe, O. Bielańska, M. Faryna, Thermal evolution and grain boundary phase transformations in severely deformed nanograined Al-Zn alloys, Acta Mater. 56, 6123-6131 (2008).
• [38] K. Edalati, T. Fujioka, Z. Horita, Microstructure and mechan-ical properties of pure Cu processed by high-pressure torsion, Mater. Sci. Engn. A 497, 168-173 (2008).
• [39] N. Lugo, N. Llorca, J. M. Cabrera, Z. Horita, Microstructures and mechanical properties of pure copper deformed severely by equal-channel angular pressing and high pressure torsion, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 477, 366-371 (2008).
• [40] A. P. Zhilyaev, G. V. Nurislamova, B. K. Kim, M. D. Baró, J. A. Szpunar, T. G. Langdon, Experimental parameters influ-encing grain refinement and microstructural evolution during high-pressure torsion, Acta Mater. 51, 753-765 (2003).
• [41] F. Dalla Torre, P. Spätig, R. Schäublin, M. Victoria, Defor-mation behaviour and microstructure of nanocrystalline electrodeposited and high pressure torsioned nickel, Acta Mater. 53, 2337-2349 (2005).
• [42] A. Vorhauer, R. Pippan, On the homogeneity of deformation by high pressure torsion, Scripta Mater. 51, 921-925 (2004).
• [43] Y. Cao, Y. B. Wang, R. B. Figueiredo, L. Chang, X. Z. Liao, M. Kawasaki, W. L. Zheng, S. P. Ringer, T. G. Langdon, Y. T. Zhu, Three-dimensional shear-strain patterns induced by high-pressure torsion and their impact on hardness evolution, Acta Mater. 59, 3903-3914 (2011).
• [44] F. Montheillet, M. Cohen, J. J. Jonas, Axial stresses and texture development during the torsion testing of Al, Cu and α-Fe, Acta Metall. 32, 2077-2089 (1984).
• [45] L. S. Tóth, K. W Neale, J. J. Jonas, Stress Response and Persis-tence Characteristics of the Ideal Orientations of Shear Textures, Acta Metall. 37, 2197-2210 (1989).
• [46] J. K. Mackenzie, The distribution of rotation axes in a random aggregate of cubic crystals, Acta Metall. 12, 223-225 (1964).
• [47] H. Paul, J. H. Driver, C. Maurice, Z. Jasieński, Crystallographic aspects of the early stages of recrystallization in brass type shear bands, Acta Mater. 50, 4339-4355 (2002).
• [48] J. Gubicza, N. Q. Chinh, J. Lábar, Z. Hegedüs, T. G. Langdon, Principles of self-annealing in silver processed by equal-channel angular pressing: The significance of a very low stacking fault energy, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 527, 752-760 (2010).
• [49] W. Wajda, Ł. Madej, H. Paul, R. Gołąb, M. Miszczyk, Validation of texture evolution model for polycrystalline aluminium on the basis of 3D digital microstructures, Steel Research International, Special Edition 1111-1114 (2012).
• [50] W. Wajda, Ł. Madej, H. Paul, Application of Crystal Plastici-ty Model for Simulation of Polycrystalline Aluminium Sample Behaviour During Plain Strain Compression Test, Arch. Metall. Mater. 58, 493-496 (2013).
• [51] A. P. Zhilyaev, K. Oh-Ishi, T. G. Langdon, T. R. McNelley, Mi-crostructural evolution in commercial purity aluminum during high-pressure torsion, Mat. Sci. Engn. A 410-411, 277-281 (2005).