Removal of Lead From Blister Copper by Melting in the Induction Vacuum Furnace

• Autorzy: Smalcerz A. , Blacha L.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/afe.2020.131307

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The usage of the reduced pressure in the processes of smelting and refining of metal alloys allow to remove not only the gases dissolved in the metal bath, but also the impurities having a higher vapour pressure than the matrix metal. Blister copper produced in flash furnace contains many impurities such as lead, bismuth and arsenic. Some of them must be removed from molten metals, because of their deleterious effects on copper electrical properties. When the smelting process is carried out in the induction vacuum furnaces, the above-mentioned phenomenon is being intensified, one or another mixing of bath and increase in the surface area of mass exchange (liquid metal surface). The latter results from the formation of a meniscus being an effect of the electromagnetic field influence on the liquid metal. In the work, the results of refining blister copper in terms of removing lead from it, are presented. The experiments were carried out in the induction crucible vacuum furnace at temperatures of 1473 and 1523 K, and operating pressures in a range of 8 - 533 Pa.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

removal of lead; vapour pressure; blister copper; induction vacuum furnace; evaporation of metals; refining of cooper

PL

usuwanie ołowiu; miedź konwertorowa; indukcyjny piec próżniowy; topienie; rafinacja

• Wydawca: Komisja Odlewnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk Oddział w Katowicach
• Czasopismo: Archives of Foundry Engineering
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 20, iss. 2
• Strony: 84--88
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 16 poz., fot., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Smalcerz A.

• Silesian University of Technology, Department of Industrial Computer Science, Katowice, Poland

autor

Blacha L.

• Silesian University of Technology, Department of Metallurgy and Recycling Katowice, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Blacha, L. (2001). Elimination of lead and antimony from copper and its alloys in the vacuum refining process. Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej. (in Polish).
• [2] Hobler, T. (1976). Diffusive mass movement and absorbers. Warszawa: WNT. (in Polish).
• [3] Ozberk, E. & Guthrie, R.I.L. (1986). Kinetic model for the vacuum refining stirred copper melts. Metallurgical Transactions B. 17B, 87-100. DOI: 10.1007/BF0267082.
• [4] Rzadkosz, S. Kranz, M. Nowicki, P. & Piękoś, M. (2009). Refining processes of selected copper alloys. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 9(2), 29-34.
• [5] Gawronski, J. Szajnar, J. Kalandyk, Z. & Lachowski, M. (1995). Gas refining of solidification copper castings in a magnetic field. Solidification of Metals and Alloys. 24, 201-206. (in Polish).
• [6] Bellot, J.P. Duval, H. Ritchie, M. Mitchell, A. & Ablitzer, D. (2001). Evaporation of Fe and Cr from induction-stirred austenic stainless steel. ISIJ International. 41(7), 696-705. DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.41.696.
• [7] Harris, R. (1984). Vacuum refining copper melts to remove bismuth, arsenic, and antimony. Metallurgical Transactions B. 15B, 251-257. DOI: 10.1007/BF02667328.
• [8] Ward, R.G. (1963). Evaporative losses during vacuum induction melting of steel. Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute. 1, 11-15.
• [9] Harris, R. & Davenport, W.G. (1982). Vacuum distillation of liquid metals. Metallurgical Transactions B. 13B, 581-588. DOI: 10.1007/BF02669171.
• [10] Golak, S. & Przyłucki R. (2009). A simulation of the coupled problem of magnetohydrodynamics and a free surface for liquid metals. WIT Transactions of Engineering Science. 48, 67-76. DOI: 10.2495/MPF090061.
• [11] Golak, S. (2009). Application of image analysis for the measurement of liquid metal surface. WIT Transaction on Modelling and Simulation. 48, 169-177. DOI: 10.2495/CMEM090161.
• [12] Węcki B. (2018). Analysis of the impact of the contact surface size of the liquid metallic phase - gas phase on the efficiency of the metal refining process in induction crucible furnaces. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice. (in Polish).
• [13] Blacha, L. Report from the research project MNiSZW 3T08B 05926. Kinetic model of the process of metal evaporation under reduced pressure (Unpublished, in Polish).
• [14] Ohno, R.(1976). Rates of evaporation of silver, lead, and bismuth from copper alloys in vacuum induction melting, Metallurgical Transactions B. 7B, 647-653. DOI: 10.1007/BF02698598.
• [15] Ohno, R. (1977). Rates of evaporation of silver, lead, bismuth, and sulphur from molten copper alloys stirred at different speeds under reduced pressure. Trans JIM. 18, 232-238. DOI: 10.2320/matertrans1960.18.232.
• [16] Blacha, L. (2006). Elimination of Lead from Copper in Vacuum Refining Process. Rudy i Metale. 5, 255-260. (in Polish).

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).