Peculiar calcite speleothems filling fissures in calcareous sandstones and their palaeohydrological and palaeoclimatic significance: an example from the Polish Carpathians

Gradziński, M.; Duliński, M.; Hercman, H.; Górny, A.; Przybyszowski, S.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Peculiar calcite speleothems filling fissures in calcareous sandstones and their palaeohydrological and palaeoclimatic significance: an example from the Polish Carpathians

Autorzy

Gradziński M. , Duliński M. , Hercman H. , Górny A. , Przybyszowski S.

Treść / Zawartość

Pełne teksty:

Pobierz

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Peculiar calcite speleothems developed in fissures in the Cergowa Sandstones were found in the Klęczany Quarry (Polish Western Carpathians). They represent flowstone and stalactites, rafts and various sparry crusts. Such speleothems, especially phreatic ones, are uncommon in the Outer Carpathians that are composed mainly of siliciclastic rocks of flysch type, with only limited calcium carbonate content. The speleothems analysed grew in vadose and phreatic conditions as well as at the air-water interface. Phreatic speleothems and thin rafts comprise calcite crystals of eccentric morphology. Based on their stable isotope composition the majority of the speleothems form two clusters. The first is characterized by d¹⁸O values between –9.8 and –8.5‰ and of d¹³C values between –5.7 and –0.6‰ whereas the second cluster of samples yields d¹⁸O values between –9.4 and –7.3‰ and d¹³C values from –11.5 to –9.7‰. Speleothems grew between 230⁺¹⁴_–13 ka and Holocene time. Phreatic speleothems, including massive rafts, precipitated from ascending water of deep circulation whereas vadose and water table speleothems crystallized from local infiltration water charged with soil CO₂. Mixing of both waters in the shallow phreatic zone is plausible.

Słowa kluczowe

flysch Carpathians Pleistocene Holocene speleothems stable isotopes ascending water

Wydawca

Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Geological Quarterly

Rocznik

2012

Tom

Vol. 56, No. 4

Strony

711--732

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 84 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Gradziński M.

michal.gradzinski@uj.edu.pl

Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland

autor

Duliński M.

marek.dulinski@fis.agh.edu.pl

Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Hercman H.

hhercman@twarda.pan.pl

Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland

autor

Górny A.

a.gorn@op.pl

Geological Museum, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059Kraków, Poland

autor

Przybyszowski S.

atwns@interia.pl

Wasza Agencja Turystyczna SZKOLTUR, Mariusz Borkowski, 11 Listopada 25; 33-340, Stary Sącz, Poland

Bibliografia

1. BAKALOWICZ M.I., FORD D.C., MILLER T.E., PALMER A.N. and PALMER M.V. (1987) - Thermal genesis of dissolution caves in the Black Hills, South Dakota. GSA Bull., 99: 729-738.
2. BINKLEY K., WILKINSON B.H. and OWEN R.M. (1980) - Vadose beachrock cementation along southeastern Michigan marl lake. J. Sedim. Petrol., 50: 953-962.
3. BOURDIN C., DOUVILLE E. and GENTY D. (2011) - Alkaline-earth metal and rare-earth metal incorporation control by ionic radius and growth rate of stalagmite from the Chauvet Cave, Southeastern France. Chem. Geol., 290: 1-11.
4. BOURDON B., HENDERSON G., LUNDSTROM C. and TURNER S. (2003) - Uranium-series geochemistry. Rev. Miner. Geochem., 52: 1-565.
5. BRUTHANS J., SCHWEIGSTILLOVA J., JENČ P., CHURÁČKOVA L. and BEZDIČKA P. (2012) - 14C and U-series dating of speleothems in the Bohemian paradise (Czech republ ic): relreat rates of sandstone cave walls and implications for cave origin. Acta Geodinam. Geomater., 9: 93-108.
6. CHAFETZ H.S. and GUIDRY S.A. (2003) - Deposition and diagenesis of Mammoth Hot Springs travertine: Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Can. J. Earth Sc., 40: 1515-1529.
7. CHAFETZ H.S. and LAWRENCE J. R. (1994) - Stable isotopic variability within modern travertines. Géogr. Phys. Quatern., 48: 257-273.
8. CHAFETZ H.S., RUSH P.F. and UTECH N.M. (1991) - Microenvironmental controls on mineralogy and habit of CaCO3 precipitates: an example from an active travertine system. Sedimentology, 38: 107-126.
9. CHOWANIEC J. (2009) - Hydrogeology study of the western part of the Polish Carpathians (in Polish with English summary). Biul. Państw. Inst. Geol., 434: 1-98.
10. CHRZĄSTOWSKI J. and WĘCŁAWIK S. (1992) - Balneological rei sources of the Magura Nappe (Poll sh Carpathians) (in Poll sh with English summary). Prz. Geol., 40 (7): 417-429.
11. CIESZKOWSKI M. (1992) - Michalczowa zone: a new unit of the fore-Magura zone, Outer West Carpathians, South Poland (in Polish with English summary). Geologia, Kwart. AGH, 18: 1-125.
12. CIESZKOWSKI M. and ŚLĄCZKA A. (2001) - The Polish Carpathians - general geology. In: Przewodnik LXXII Zjazdu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 12-15 września 2001: 99-108. Państw. Inst. Geol., Kraków.
13. CSOMA A.É., GOLDSTEIN R.H. and POMAR L. (2006) - Pleistocene speleothems of Mallorca: implications for palaeoclimate and carbonate diagenesis in mixing zone. Sedimentology, 53: 213-236.
14. DICKSON J.A.D. (1993) - Crystal growth diagrams as an aid to interpreting the fabrics of calcite aggregates. J. Sedim. Petrol., 63: 1-17.
15. DUBLYANSKY Y.V. (2000) - Dissolulion of carbonates by geolhermal waters. In: Speleogenesis. Evolulion of Karst Aquifers (eds. A.B. Klimchouk, D.C. Ford, A.N. Palmer and W. Dreybrodt): 158-159. National Speleological Soci ety, Huntsville.
16. DULINSKI M. and ROZANSKI K. (1990) - Formation of 13C/12C isotope ratios in speleothems: a semi-dynamic model. Radiocarbon, 32: 7-16.
17. DULIŃSKI M., GRABCZAK J., KOSTECKA A. and WĘCŁAWIK S. (1995) - Stable isotope composition of spelean calcites and gaseous CO2 from Tylicz (Polish Carpathians). Chem. Geol., 125: 271-280.
18. DULIŃSKI M., RAJCHEL L. and RAJCHEL J. (2005) - Chemi cal and isotope investigations of the exhalation in Tylicz. Współczesne Problemy Hydrogeologii, 12: 189-196.
19. DUNHAM R. (1969) - Early vadose silt in Townsend Mound (reef), New Mexico. SEPM Spec. Publ., 14: 139-182.
20. FLOREK W. (2009) - Dodatek nr 5 do dokumentacji geologicznej złoża piaskowców “magurskich” litologicznie cergowskich “Klęczany”. Unpubl. Report. Arch. Klęczany Stone Resources Company Ltd.
21. FOLK R.L., CHAFETZ H.S. and TIEZZI P.A., (1985) - Bizarre forms of depositional and diagenetic calcite in hot-spring travertines, central Italy. SEPM Spec. Publ., 36: 349-369.
22. FORD D.C. (1973) - Development of the Canyons of the South Nahanni River, N.W.T. Can. J. Earth Sc., 10: 366-378.
23. FORD D.C. (1989) - Features of the genesis of Jewel Cave and Wind Cave, Black Hills, South Dakota. Nat. Speleol. Soc. Bull., 51: 100-110.
24. FORD D.C., LUNDBERG J., PALMER A.N., PALMER M.V., DREYBRODT W. and SCHWARCZ H.P. (1993) - Uranium-series dating of the draining of an aquifer: the example of Wind Cave, Black Hills, South Dakota. GSA Bull., 105: 241-250.
25. FORNÓS J.J., GINÉS J. and GRÂCIA F. (2009) - Present-day sedimentary facies in the coastal karst caves of Mallorca Island (western Mediterranean). J. Cave Karst Studia, 71: 86-99.
26. FOUKE B.W., FARMER J., des MARAIS D.J., PRATT L., STURCGIO N.C., BURNS P.C. and DISCIPULO M. (2000) - Depositional facies and aqueous-solid geochemistry of travertine-depositing hot springs (Angel Terrace. Mammoth Hot Springs. Yellowstone National park, U.S.A.). J. Sedim. Res., 70: 565-585.
27. FRISIA S., BORSATO A., FAIRCHILD J.I. and MCDERMOTT F. (2000) Calcite fabrics, growth mechanisms, and environments of formation in speleothems from the Itallan Alps and southwestern Ireland. J. Sedim. Res., 70: 1183-1196.
28. GARY M.O. and SHARP J.M. Jr. (2006) - Volcanogenic karstification of Sistema Zacatón, Mexico. GSA Spec. Pap., 404: 79-89.
29. GOEDE A. and VOGEL J.C. (1991) - Trace element variations and dating of a Late Pleistocene Tasmanian speleothem. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 88: 121-131.
30. GONFIANTINI R. and ZUPPI G.M. (2003) - Carbon isotope exchange rate of DIC in karst groundwater. Chem. Geol., 197: 319-336.
31. GONZÁLEZ L.A., CARPENTER S.J. and LOHMANN K.C. (1992) - Inorganic calcite morphology: roles of fluid chemistry and fluid flow. J. Sedim. Petrol., 62: 382-399.
32. GORKA P. and HERCMAN H. (2002) - URANOTHOR v. 2.6. Delphi Code of calculation program and user guide. MS, Archive of Quaternary Geology Department, Institute of Geological Sciences, PAS, Warsaw.
33. GORNITZ V. and SCHREIBER Ch. (1981) - Displacive halite hoppers from the Dead Sea: some implications for ancient evaporite deposits. J. Sedim. Petrol., 51: 787-794.
34. GRADZIŃSKI M., ROSPONDEK M. and SZULC J. (1997) - Paleoenvironmental controls and microfacies variability of the flowstone cover from Zvoniva Cave in the Slovakian Karst. Slov. Geol. Mag., 3: 299-313.
35. GRADZIŃSKI M., CHMIEL M.J., LEWANDOWSKA A. and MICHALSKA-KASPERKIEWICZ B. (2010) - Siliciclastic microstromatolites in a sandstone cave: Role of trapping and binding of detrital particles in formation of cave deposits. Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol., 80: 303-314.
36. GRUSZCZYŃSKI M. and MASTELLA L. (1986) - Calcareous tufas in the area of the Mszana Dolna tectonic window (in Polish with English summary). Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol., 56: 117-131.
37. GUO L. and RIDING R. (1998) - Hot-spring travertine facies and sel quences, Late Pleistocene, Rapolano Terme, Italy. Sedimentology, 45: 163-180.
38. GUO L., ANDREWS J., RIDING R., DENNIS P. and DRESSER Q. (1996) Possible microbial effects on stable carbon isolopes in hot-spring travertines. J. Sedim. Res., 66: 468-473.
39. HENDY C.H. (1971) - The isotopic geochemistry of speleothems - I. The calculation of the effects of different modes of formation on the isotopic composition of speleothems and their applicability as palaeoclimatic indicators. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 35: 801-824.
40. HERCMAN H. (2000) - Reconstruction of palaeoclimatic changes in central Europe between 10 and 200 thousand years BP, based on analysis of growth frequency of speleothems. Studia Quatern., 17: 35-70.
41. HERCMAN H., BELLA P., GŁAZEK J., GRADZIŃSKI M., LAURITZEN S.-E. and L0VLIE R. (1997) - Uranium-series of speleothems from Demanova Ice Cave: a step to age estimation of the Demanova Cave System. Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol., 67: 439-450.
42. HERCMAN H., GRADZIŃSKI M. and BELLA P. (2008) - Evolution of Brestovská Cave based on U-series dating of speleothems. Geochronometria, 32: 112.
43. HILL C. and FORTI P. (1997) - Cave Minerals of the World. National Speleological Society, Huntsville.
44. IMBRIE J., HAYS J.D., MARTINSON D.G., McINTYRE A., MIX A.C., MORLEY J.J., PISIAS N.G., PRELL W.L. and SHACKLETON N.J. (1984) - The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate: support from a revised chronology of the marine 18O record. In: Milankovitch and Climate, Understanding the Response to Astronomical Forcing. Part I. (eds. A. Berger, J. Imbrie, J. Hays, G. Kukla and B. Saltzman): 269-305. Reidel, Dordrecht.
45. IVANOVICH M. and HARMON R.S. (1992) - Uranium Series Disequilibrium. Applications to Environmental Problems. Clarendon, Oxford.
46. IWATSUKI T., SATAKE H., METCALFE R., YOSIHIDA H. and HAMA K. (2002) - Isotopic and morphologcal feaiures of fraciure calcite from granitic rocks of the Tonto area, Japan: a promising palaeohydrological tool. App. Geochem., 17: 1241-1257.
47. JANSSEN A., SWENNEN R., PODOOR N. and KEPPEN E. (1999) - Biological and diagenetic influence in Recent and fossil tufa deposits from Belgium. Sedim. Geol., 126: 75-95.
48. JONES B. (1989) - Calcite raft, peloids, and micrite in cave deposits from Cayman Brac, British West Indies. Can. J. Earth Sc., 26: 654-664.
49. JONES B. and PENG X. (2012) - Intrinsic versus extrinsic controls on the de vel op ment of cal cite den drite bushes, Shuzhishi Spring, Rehai geothermal area, Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China. Sedim. Geol., 249-250: 45-62.
50. JONES B. and RENAUT R.W. (1995) - Noncrystallographic calcite dendrites from hot-spring deposits at Lake Bogoria, Kenya. J. Sedim. Res., A65: 154-169.
51. JONES B., RENAUT R.W., OWEN R.B. and TORFASON H. (2005) - Growth patterns and implicaiions of complex dendrites in calcite travertines from Lýsuhóll, Snæfellsen, Icei and. Sedimentology, 52: 1277-1301.
52. KENDALL A.C and BROUGHTON P.L. (1978) - Origin of fabrics in speleothems composed of columnar calcite crystals. J. Sedim. Petrol., 48: 519-538.
53. KOSTECKA A. (1992) - Calcite veins in travertines at Bešeňova (Liptovska Kotlina basin, Slovakia). Miner. Pol., 23: 3-12.
54. KOSTECKA A. (1993) - Calcite from the Quaiernary spring waiers at Tylicz, Krynica, Polish Carpathians. Sedimentology, 40: 27-39.
55. KOSTECKA A. and WĘCŁAWIK S. (1987) - Mineral water deposits in vicinity of Tylicz (Beskid Niski Range, Polish Flysch Carpathians). Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol., 57: 37-58.
56. KOWAL J. (2009) - Geology of the Klęczany-Limanowa tectonic window in surroundings of Marcinkowice (in Polish with English summary). Unpubl. MSc. Thesis, Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian Univeristy, Kraków.
57. LESZCZYŃSKI S. and MALATA E. (2002) - Sedimentary conditions in the Siary Zone of the Magura Basin (Carpathians) in the late Eocene-early Oligocene. Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol., 72: 201-239.
58. LESZCZYŃSKI S. and MALIK K. (1996) - Carbonates in flysch of the Polish Outer Carpathians (in Polish with English summary). Prz. Geol., 44 (2): 151-158.
59. LEŚNIAK P.M. (1998) - Origin of carbon dioxide and evolution of CO2-rich waters in the West Carpathians, Poland. Acta Geol. Pol., 48: 343-366.
60. MARTINSON D.G., PISIAS N.G., HAYS J.D., IMBRIE J., MOORE T.C. and SHACKLETON N.J. (1987) - Age dating and the orbital theory of the Ice Ages: development of a High-Resolution 0 to 300,000 year chronostratigraphy. Quatern. Res., 27: 1-29.
61. MATL K. (1975) - Surowce energetyczne. In: Surowce mineralne regionu krakowskiego (ed. M. Kamieński). Wyd. Geol., Warszawa.
62. MILODOWSKI A.E., GILLESPIE M.R., NADEN J., FORTEY N.J., SHEPHERD T.J., MEARCE J.M. and METCALFE R. (1998) - The petrology and paragenesis of fracture mineralization in the Sellafield area, west Cumbria. Proc. York. Geol. Soc., 52: 215-241.
63. MULLER P. (1989) - Hydrothermal paleokarst of Hungary. In: Paleokarst, a Systematic and Regional Review (eds. P. Bosák, D.C. Ford, J. Głazek and I. Horáček): 155-163. Akademia, Prague.
64. OSZCZYPKO N. (2008) - Outer Carpathians in Poland. In: The Geology of Central Europe, 2: Mesozoic and Cenozoic (ed. T. McCann): 1078-1081. The Geological Society, London.
65. OSZCZYPKO N. and ZUBER A. (2002) - Geological and isotopic evidence of diagenetic waiers in the Poli sh Flysch Carpathians. Geol. Carpath., 53: 257-268.
66. OSZCZYPKO N., CHOWANIEC J. and KONCEWICZ A. (1981) - Waterpressure test of the Magura sandstones (in Polish with English summary). Ann. Soc. Geol. Pol., 51: 273-302.
67. PAQUETTE J. and REEDER R.J. (1995) - Relationship between surface structure, growth mechanisms, and trace element incorporation in calcite. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59: 735-749.
68. PLAGNES V., CAUSSE C., GENTY D., PATERNE M. and BLAMART D. (2002) - A discont inuous climatic record from 187 to 74 ka from a speleothem of the Clamouse Cave (south of France). Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 201: 87-103.
69. RAINEY D.K. and JONES B. (2009) - Abiotic versus biotic controls on the development of the Fairmont Hot Springs carbonate deposit, British Columbia, Canada. Sedimentology, 56: 1832-1857.
70. RENAUT R.W., JONES B. and Le TURDU C. (1999) - Calcite lilypads and ledges at Lorusio Hot springs, Kenya Rift valley: travertine precipitation at the air-water interface. Can. J. Earth Sc., 36: 649-666.
71. RUIZ-AGUDO E., PUTNIS Ch.V., WANG L. and PUTINS A. (2011) - Specific effects of background eleciroiytes on the kineti cs of step propagation during calcite growth. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 75: 3803-3814.
72. SELF C.A. and HILL C.A. (2003) - How speleothems grow: an introduction to the oni ogeny of cave minerals. J. Cave Karst. Studia, 65; 130-153.
73. SOUTHGATE P.N. (1982) - Cambrian skeletal halite crystals and experimental analogues. Sedimentology, 29: 391-407.
74. STADNIK R. (2009) - Sedimentary development of the Cergowa Beds of the Grybów Unit (Klęczany quarry), Polish Western Carpathians (in Polish with English summary). Geologia, Kwart. AGH, 35: 23-29.
75. SZPAKIEWICZ M. (1976) - Mineral waters of the central part of Polish Carpathians in the light of new cartographic data (in Polish with English summary). Biul. Geol., 21: 323-334.
76. TAYLOR P.M. and CHAFETZ H.S. (2004) - Floating rafts of calcite crystals in cave pools, central Texas, U.S.A.: Crystal habit vs. saturation state. J. Sedim. Res., 74: 328-341.
77. TAYLOR M.P., DRYSDALE R.N. and CARTHEW K.D. (2004) - The formation and environmental significance of calcite rafts in tropical tufa-depositing rivers of northern Australia. Sedimentology, 51: 1089-1101.
78. TURGEON S. and LUNDBERG J. (2001) - Chronology and discontinuities and petrology of speleothems as paleoclimatic in di cators of the Klamath Mountains, southwestern Oregon. Carbon. Evapor., 16: 153-167.
79. URBAN J., MARGIELEWSKI W., SCHEJBAL-CHWASTEK M. and SZURA Cz. (2007a) - Speleothems in some caves of the Beskidy Mts., Poland. Nature Conserv., 63: 109-117.
80. URBAN J., MARGIELEWSKI W., ŽÁK K., HERCMAN H., SUJKA G. and MLECZEK T. (2007b) - The calcareous speleothems in the pseudokarst Jaskinia Słowiańska-Drwali cave, Beskid Niski Mts., Poland. Nature Conserv., 63: 119-128.
81. Van HENGSTUM P.J., SCOTT D.B., GRÓCKE D.R. and CHARETTE M.A. (2011) - Sea level controls sedimentation and environments in coastal caves and sinkholes. Mar. Geol., 286: 35-50.
82. WELLS A.C. (1971) - Cave calcite. Studia Speleol., 2: 129-148.
83. WYNN P.M., FAIRCHILD I.J., FRISIA S., SPÓTL Ch., BAKER A. and BORSATO A. (2010) - High-resolution sulphur isotope analysis of speleothem carbonate by secondary ionisation mass spectrometry. Chem. Geol., 271: 101-107.
84. ZUBER A., CIĘŻKOWSKI W., GRABCZAK J. and DULIŃSKI M. (1999) - Tritium ages and altitude of recharge areas of mineral waters in Krynica, estimated from tritium, 518O and 5D ddata (in Polish with English summary). Prz. Geol., 47 (6): 574-583.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-2d6d21f1-33be-4ea9-8d1a-55e89c9f26f8