The occurrence of arrhythmias and heart rate variability during diving in recreational divers using continuous electrocardiographic holter monitoring

• Autorzy: Stelmaszczyk Łukasz , Starek-Stelmaszczyk Magdalena , Starek Maria , Kurek Łukasz , Żuchlińska-Kwiatkowska Joanna , Dębiński Michał

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/phr-2019-0021

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of the research was to evaluate the occurrence of arrhythmias and heart rate variability during diving in recreational divers. Continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) Holter monitoring was conducted in a group of 50 divers (age 36,8 } 8,7). The recorded data included the duration of the dive, including a period of 60 minutes before the dive and 60 minutes after the dive. Moreover, divers filled in a questionnaire that had been prepared for the purpose of the study and the psychological tests State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The ECG recordings were synchronised with dive computers to correlate the ECG changes with diving events and analysed for the heart rate, arrhythmias and conduction disorders. The average heart rate was the highest (M=107.34 beats/minute) before diving, and the lowest after diving (M = 102.00 beats/minute). Supraventricular arrhythmias were recorded in nineteen (38%) of the participants of the study. The number of arrhythmias during diving (M = 14,45) is significantly higher than before (M = 9,93, p < 0,01) and after dive (M = 6,02, p < 0,05). All results were obtained from the continuous ECG Holter monitoring. It seems that using continuous ECG monitoring in conditions similar to diving (physical and psychological stress), brings more benefits than traditional, resting electrocardiogram.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

scuba diving; Holter ECG; electrocardiogram; heart rate; arrhythmias; blood pressure; medical examination

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Medycyny i Techniki Hiperbarycznej
• Czasopismo: Polish Hyperbaric Research
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: nr 4(69)
• Strony: 71--80
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 16 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Stelmaszczyk Łukasz

• Clinic of Gynecology, Oncological Gynecology and Obstetrics, Municipal Polyclinical Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Starek-Stelmaszczyk Magdalena

• Clinic of Cardiology and Internal Medicine with the Sub-department of Cardiac Intensive Care and Quick Diagnostics, Municipal Polyclinical Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Starek Maria

• Warsaw Medical University, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Poland

autor

Kurek Łukasz

• Clinic of Gynecology, Oncological Gynecology and Obstetrics, Municipal Polyclinical Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Żuchlińska-Kwiatkowska Joanna

• Clinic of Gynecology, Oncological Gynecology and Obstetrics, Municipal Polyclinical Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland

autor

Dębiński Michał

• Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Department, Mazovia Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw

Bibliografia

• 1. Lippmann J, McD Taylor D, Stevenson C, Williams J, Mitchell SJ. Diving with pre-existing medical conditions Diving Hyperb Med. 2017 Sep;47(3):180-190;
• 2. Buzzacott P. DAN Annual Diving Report 2017 Edition - A report on 2015 diving fatalities, injuries, and incidents. Durham, NC: Divers Alert Network, 2017;
• 3. Regulation of the Minister of Sport of 17 August 2006 on safety rules for diving;
• 4. http://pobieranie.oxford.com.pl/CardioScan_Holter/Instrukcje/Instr_obslugi_DMS300-3A_HDMI.pdf Stan na dzień 08.01.2020;
• 5. Williams B1, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA, et al. .ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Kardiol Pol. 2019;77(2):71-159. doi: 10.5603/KP.2019.0018;
• 6. Ganong WF. Fizjologia; Ed. 1 Warszawa 2017 pp. 530 – 531;
• 7. Kinoshita T, Nagata S, Baba R, Kohmoto T, Iwagaki S Cold-water face immersion per se elicits cardiac parasympathetic activity. Circ J, 2006; 70: 773–776;
• 8. Schuitema K, Holm B. The role of different facial areas in eliciting human diving bradycardia. Acta Physiol Scand, 1988; 132: 119–120. DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1988.tb08306.x;
• 9. Hayashi N, Ishihara M, Tanaka A, Osumi T, Yoshida T. Face immersion increases vagal activity as assessed by heart rate variability. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1997;76(5):394-9. DOI:10.1007/s004210050267;
• 10. Gajewski P, Szczeklik A. Interna Szczeklika. ed.9, Publ. MP, Krakow 2018; 257;
• 11. Ganong WF. Physiology; Ed. 1 Warsaw 2017; 590;
• 12. Argacha JF1, Xhaët O, Gujic M, De Boeck G, Dreyfuss C, Lamotte M et al. Facial cooling and peripheral chemoreflex mechanisms in humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf), 2008; 194: 161–170. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01876.x;
• 13. Brown CM, Sanya EO, Hilz MJ. Effect of cold face stimulation on cerebral blood flow in humans. Brain Res Bull, 2003; 61: 81–86;
• 14. Tipton MJ1, Golden FS, Higenbottam C, Mekjavic IB, Eglin CM Temperature dependence of habituation of the initial responses to cold-water immersion. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 1998; 78: 253–257. DOI:10.1007/s004210050416;
• 15. Shilling CW, Wertes MF, Schandelmeier NR. The Underwater Handbook: A Guide to Physiology and Performance for the Engineer; Wyd. 1 New York 1976; 886;
• 16. Møller M. Standard ECG versus 24-hour Holter monitoring in the detection of ventricular arrhythmias. Clin Cardiol. 1981 Nov-Dec;4(6):322-4.