Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Berrechid Aquifer, Central Morocco, Using Multivariate Statistics and Water Quality Indices

Moukhliss, Mohammed; Taleb, Abdslam; Ouallali, Abdessalam; Spalevic, Velibor; Mazigh, Nouhaila; El Fathi, Badr; Souabi, Salah

doi:10.12912/27197050/159969

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Tytuł artykułu

Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Berrechid Aquifer, Central Morocco, Using Multivariate Statistics and Water Quality Indices

Autorzy

Moukhliss Mohammed , Taleb Abdslam , Ouallali Abdessalam , Spalevic Velibor , Mazigh Nouhaila , El Fathi Badr , Souabi Salah

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DOI

10.12912/27197050/159969

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Abstrakty

Groundwater salinity is a serious problem for water quality in the irrigated parts of arid and semi-arid regions, especially in the aquifers of Berrechid, Morocco. This study used a variety of techniques, including the Water Quality Index (WQI) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Geographic Information System (GIS) to evaluate the quality of the groundwater for irrigation and domestic use in the Berrechid region in central Morocco. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of groundwater for irrigation and human consumption. The collection and analysis of twenty-two samples for ions was carried out, including, EC, Cl_-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, NO₂^-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, pH, SO₄^2-, Na⁺, K⁺, CO₃^-, HCO₃^-, and Mn²⁺. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to classify the water quality vis: excellent, good, average, poor and very poor. The research area’s water quality index (WQI) ranges from 43.89 to 439.34, with around 40.90% of samples having excellent water quality, 45.45% having poor water quality, 4.54% showing extremely bad water quality, and 9.09% having unsuitable quality for human consumption. The principal component analysis reveals that the average concentration of cations in groundwater was Na⁺> Mg²⁺> Ca²⁺> K⁺> Mn²⁺> NH₄⁺, whereas the concentration of anions was Cl^-> HCO₃^-> SO₄^2-> NO₃^-> NO₂^-> CO₃^2-. The correlation matrix was created and analyzed to determine its significance in groundwater quality assessment. The primary sources of pollution are household waste, exposed septic tanks, landfill leachate, and excessive fertilizer usage in agriculture and industrial operations. The current analysis demonstrates that the deteriorating groundwater quality in the region needs pre-consumption treatment and contamination risk prevention.

Słowa kluczowe

Berrechid aquifer GIS geographic information system IDW inverse distance weighting PCA principal component analysis WQI water quality index

Wydawca

Lubelski Oddział Polskiego Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Lublin University of Technology
WNGB Wydawnictwo Naukowe

Czasopismo

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

Rocznik

2023

Tom

Vol. 24, iss. 4

Strony

187--199

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 43 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Moukhliss Mohammed

moukhlissmohamed016@gmail.com

Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7941-0365

autor

Taleb Abdslam

Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7634-1715

autor

Ouallali Abdessalam

Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4351-0142

autor

Spalevic Velibor

Geography Department, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Montenegro, 2 Cetinjski Put, Podgorica 81400 Niksic, Montenegro

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-2909

autor

Mazigh Nouhaila

Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-7022

autor

El Fathi Badr

Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6069-9509

autor

Souabi Salah

Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6770-2208

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-2b65403e-8b4d-41f5-8424-f02e24c9d816