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Insensitive HMX (Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) Nanocrystals Fabricated by High-Yield, Low-Cost Mechanical Milling

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
A mechanical approach had been adopted for fabricating HMX nanoparticles. This fabrication method avoided the recrystallization process and was different from the traditional methods employed to prepare nanoexplosives. In particular, the high yield and low cost increased the possibility of its industrial application. Specifcally, HMX particles, that had a mean size of 0.27 μm, were prepared by mechanical milling; a signifcant proportion of nano-HMX (<100 nm) were present and these were observed by TEM and SEM images. The thermal decomposition of HMX samples before and after pulverization was investigated by TG/DSC analysis. The results indicated that there was no obvious difference between the thermographs of raw and pulverized HMX. The HMX samples were investigated by friction, impact, and shock sensitivity tests. High safety was confrmed since pulverized HMX was far more insensitive than raw HMX; indeed the shock sensitivity of pulverized HMX was about 60 percent lower than that of raw HMX.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
277--287
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 21 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
  • School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
  • National Special Superfne Powder Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
autor
  • National Special Superfne Powder Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
autor
  • School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
autor
  • National Special Superfne Powder Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
autor
  • National Special Superfne Powder Engineering Research Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
Bibliografia
  • [1] Nandi A.K., Ghosh M., Sutar V.B., Surface Coating of Cyclotetramethylenetetra-nitramine (HMX) Crystals with the Insensitive High Explosive 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater., 2012, 9(2), 119-130.
  • [2] An C.W., Wang J.Y., Xu W.Z., Preparation and Properties of HMX Coated with a Composite of TNT/Energetic Material, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2010, 35(4), 365-372.
  • [3] Borne L., Mory J., Schlesser F., Reduced Sensitivity RDX (RS-RDX) in Pressed Formulations: Respective Effects of Intra-Granular Pores, Extra-Granular Pores and Pore Size, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2008, 33(1), 37-43.
  • [4] Song X.L., Li F.S., Dependence of Particle Size and Size Distribution on Mechanical Sensitivity and Thermal Stability of Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, Defence Sci. J., 2009, 59(1), 37-42.
  • [5] Wang Y., Song X.L., Song D., Dependence of the Mechanical Sensitivity on the Fractal Characteristics of Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine Particles, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2011, 36(6), 505-512.
  • [6] Song X.L., Wang Y., An C.W., Dependence of Particle Morphology and Size on the Mechanical Sensitivity and Thermal Stability of Octahydro-1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine, J. Hazard. Mater., 2008, 159(2-3), 222-229.
  • [7] Song X.L., Li F.S., Wang Y., A Fractal Approach to Assess the Risks of Nitramine Explosives, J. Energ. Mater., 2012, 30(1), 1-29.
  • [8] Spitzer D., Comet M., Baras C., Energetic Nano-Materials: Opportunities for Enhanced Performances, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2010, 71(2), 100-108.
  • [9] Sovizi M.R., Hajimirsadeghi S.S., Naderizadeh B., Effect of Particle Size on Thermal Decomposition of Nitrocellulose, J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 168(2-3), 1134-1139.
  • [10] Spitzer D., Baras C., Schafer M.R., Continuous Crystallization of Submicrometer Energetic Compounds, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2011, 36(1), 65-74.
  • [11] Wang Y., Song X.L., Song D., A Versatile Methodology Using Sol-Gel, Supercritical Extraction, and Etching to Fabricate a Nitramine Explosive: Nanometer HNIW, J. Energ. Mater., DOI:10.1080/07370652.2011.633963.
  • [12] Cudzilo S., Kicinski W., Preparation and Characterization of Energetic Nanocomposites of Organic Gel-Inorganic Oxidizers, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2009, 34(2), 155-160.
  • [13] Song X.L., Li F.S., Zhang J.L., Preparation, Mechanical Sensitivity and Thermal Decomposition of AP/Fe2O3 Nanocomposite, J. Solid Rocket Technol., 2009, 23(3), 306-310.
  • [14] Li F.S., Bi-Directional Superfne Milling, Chinese Patent CN2766956, 2006.
  • [15] Wang Y., Jiang W., Song D., A Feature on Ensuring Safety of Superfne Explosives: The Similar Thermolysis Characteristics between Micro and Nano Nitramines, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2013, 111(1), 85-92.
  • [16] Redner P., Kapoor D., Patel R., Production and Characterization of Nano-RDX, U.S. Army Science Conference, 2006.
  • [17] Bezmelnitsyn A., Thiruvengadathan R., Barizuddin S., Modifed Nanoenergetic Composites with Tunable Combustion Characteristics for Propellant Applications, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2010, 35(4), 384-394.
  • [18] Cheng J.L., Hng H.H., Lee Y.W. et al., Kinetic Study of Thermal- and Impact-Initiated Reactions in Al-Fe2O3 Nanothermite, Combust. Flame, 2010, 157(12), 2241-2249.
  • [19] Czerski H., Proud W.G., Relationship Between the Morphology of Granular Cyclotrimethylene-Trinitramine and Its Shock Sensitivity, J. Applied Phys., 2007, 102(11), 113515-8.
  • [20] Borne L., Ritter H., HMX as an Impurity in RDX Particles: Effect on the Shock Sensitivity of Formulations Based on RDX, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2006, 31(6), 482-489.
  • [21] Doherty R.M., Relationship Between RDX Properties and Sensitivity, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2008, 33(1), 4-13.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-2b530cc4-fa2b-4b2f-b068-f934dd7d81ce
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