Impact of Mining Dump on the Accumulation and Mobility of Metals in the Bytomka River Sediments

• Autorzy: Jabłońska-Czapla M , Szopa S. , Rosik-Dulewska Cz.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/aep-2014-0013

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ zwału odpadów pogórniczych na akumulację i mobilność metali w osadach dennych rzeki Bytomki

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The research aim was to determine the long-term impact of the mine waste stored at the coal waste dump Hałda Ruda on the content of heavy metals in the bottom sediments of the Bytomka River. It is a watercourse flowing along this coal waste dump and has been under its influence for over fifty years. The research also attempted to determine the seasonality of changes (2 years) and mobility of selected elements. The article presents total contents of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in the bottom sediments collected from the Bytomka River. It also focuses on the distribution of these elements in particular geochemical fractions determined with the Tessier’s sequential chemical extraction procedure. Total element contents were determined with an EDPXRF (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence) technique. The extractants of particular Tessier’s fractions were determined quantitatively with an ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) spectrometer. The research results show that the stored waste significantly influences the contents of heavy metals in the Bytomka River bottom sediments. The lowest concentration of heavy metals was observed at the B1 spot (above the dump), while the highest one was measured at the B3 spot (below the dump). Sequential chemical extraction of the bottom sediments indicates that the Zn content in the ion-exchange and carbonate fractions diminished within a year. Nevertheless, Zn bound to Fe and Mn oxides acted in the opposite way. Mn, Zn and Pb are the most dangerous elements from the viewpoint of environmental hazards, as their total concentrations were high. Moreover, their high contents were observed in the most mobile (ion-exchange and carbonate) fractions. Extremely toxic Cd was bound to the oxide fraction to the largest extent. Cu was mainly bound to the organic fraction while environmentally hazardous Cr was bound to the residual fraction.

PL

Celem pracy było określenie długoterminowego wpływu odpadów pogórniczych składowanych na zwale pogórniczym Hałda Ruda na zawartość metali ciężkich w osadach dennych rzeki Bytomki płynącej wzdłuż tego zwału, na którą przez ponad pół wieku hałda wywierała wpływ, ponadto określenie sezonowości (2 lata) tych zmian oraz mobilności wybranych pierwiastków. W pracy przedstawiono zawartość całkowitą pierwiastków: Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb w osadach dennych pobranych z rzeki Bytomki, jak również ich dystrybucję w poszczególnych frakcjach geochemicznych z wykorzystaniem sekwencyjnej ekstrakcji chemicznej według Tessiera. Całkowitą zawartość pierwiastków określono wykorzystując technikę EDPXRF natomiast analizy poszczególnych frakcji Tessiera oznaczano ilościowo za pomocą spektrometru ICP-MS. Próbki do badań pobierano comiesięcznie w okresie od grudnia 2009 do listopada 2010, w trzech punktach przed (B1), na wysokości (B2) oraz za zwałowiskiem (B3). Wyniki badań wskazują, że składowane odpady w znacznym stopniu wpływają na wzrost zawartości metali ciężkich w osadach dennych rzeki Bytomki. Najniższe stężenie metali ciężkich zaobserwowano w punkcie pobierania przed zwałem – B1, a najwyższe w punkcie pobierania za zwałem – B3. Należy również zwrócić uwagę na fakt, że wody rzeki Bytomki są bardzo zanieczyszczone, stąd już w punkcie pobierania B1 (przed zwałem) obserwuje się znaczne zawartości metali w osadzie dennym. Sekwencyjna ekstrakcja chemiczna osadów dennych pozwoliła stwierdzić, że stężenie cynku w frakcji jonowymiennej i węglanowej ulegała zmniejszeniu w ciągu roku, odwrotnie zachowywał się cynk związany z tlenkami żelaza i manganu. Z punktu widzenia zagrożenia dla środowiska najbardziej niebezpieczne są Mn, Zn, i Pb, gdyż oprócz wysokiego stężenia całkowitego, zaobserwowano wysoki ich udział w najbardziej mobilnych frakcjach: jonowymiennej i węglanowej. Silnie toksyczny kadm związany był w największym stopniu z frakcją tlenkową. Miedź związana jest głównie z frakcją organiczną, a niebezpieczny dla środowiska chrom z frakcją rezydualną. Oznaczane metale w próbkach osadów dennych w punkcie B3 (za zwałem) były w większym stopniu związane w frakcji rezydualnej, niż w przypadku punktów B1 i B2.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

EDPXRF; energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence; ICP-MS; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; heavy metals; sequential extraction; mobility; sediments; fractionation

PL

EDPXRF; energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence; ICP-MS; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; metale ciężkie; ekstrakcja sekwencyjna; mobilność; osady; frakcjonowanie

• Wydawca: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Environmental Protection
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 40, no. 2
• Strony: 3--19
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 63 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Jabłońska-Czapla M

• Institute of Environmental Engineering of Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland

autor

Szopa S.

• Institute of Environmental Engineering of Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland

autor

Rosik-Dulewska Cz.

• Institute of Environmental Engineering of Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Akyuz S., Akyuz T., Algan A.O., Mukhamedshina N.M. & Mirsagatova A.A. (2002). Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis of surficial sediments of the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea around Istanbul, Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 254 (3), 569.
• [2] Aleksander-Kwaterczak U., Wardas M., Fuk A. & Dudek K. (2006). A threat to the Mała Panew River ecosystem due to Cd and Zn above standard concentrations in its bottom sediments, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15, 631.
• [3] Aleksander-Kwaterczak U. & Helios-Rybicka E. (2009). Contaminated sediments as a potential source of Zn, Pb, and Cd for a river system in the historical metalliferous ore mining and smelting industry area of South Poland, Journal of Soils and Sediments, 9, 13.
• [4] Allen J.R.L., Rae J.E. & Zanin P.E. (1990). Metal speciation (Cu, Zn, Pb) and organic matter in an oxic salt marsh, Severn Estuary, southwest Britain, Marinen Pollution Bulletin, 21, 574.
• [5] Barbusinski K. & Nocon W. (2011). Heavy Metal Compounds in the Bottom Sediments of the River Klodnica (Upper Silesia). Ochrona Srodowiska, 33 (1), 13 (in Polish).
• [6] Baig J.A., Kazi T.G., Arai M.B., Shah A.Q., Sarfraz R.A., Afridi H.I., Kandhro M.K., Jamali G.A. & Khan S. (2009). Arsenic fractionation in sediments of different origins using BCR sequential and single extraction methods, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 167, 1-3, 745.
• [7] Beniamin M.M. & Leckie I.O. (1981). Multiple-site adsorption of Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb on amorphous iron oxyhydroxide, Journal of Colloid Interface Science, 1, 79.
• [8] Boughiet A., Proix N., Billon G., Recout P. & Ouddane B. (2007). Environmental Impacts of Heavy Metal Discharges from a Smelter in Deule-canal Sediments (Northern France): Concentration Levels and Chemical Fractionatio, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 180, 83.
• [9] Boyle J.F. (2000). Rapid elemental analysis of sediment samples by isotope source XRF, Journal of Paleolimnology, 23, 213.
• [10] Bulska E. (2009). In Chemical Speciation - Problems and opportunities, D. Barałkiewicz, E. Bulska (Eds.), Malamut, Warszawa 2009.
• [11] Budak G. & Karabulut A. (1999). X-ray fluorescence analysis of malachite ore concentrates in the Narman region, Spectrochimica Acta Part B, 54, 985.
• [12] Bzowski Z. (1993). Criteria for evaluation carboniferous rocks of the Upper Silesian coal basin for the biological reclamation dumps, Ph. D. Thesis, Zabrze 1993 (in Polish).
• [13] Cakir C., Budak G., Karabulut A. & Sahin Y. (2003). Analysis of trace elements in different three region coals in Erzurum (Turkey): a study using EDXRF, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 76, 101.
• [14] Calmano W. & Forstner U. (1983). Chemical extraction of heavy metals in polluted river sediments in Central Europe. The Science of the Total Environment, 28, 77.
• [15] Chakraborty P., Raghunadh Babu P.V. & Sarma V.V. (2012). A study of lead and cadmium speciation in some estuarine and coastal sediments, Chemical Geology. 294/295, 217.
• [16] Devesa-Rey R., Paradelo R., Diaz-Fierros F. & Barral M.T. (2008). Fractionation and Bioavailability of Arsenic in the Bed Sediments of the Anllóns River (NW Spain), Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 195, 1-4, 189.
• [17] Dinelli E. & Tateo F. (2001). Factors controlling heavy-metal dispersion in mining areas: the case of Vigonzano (northern Italy), a Fe-Cu sulfide deposit associated with ophiolitic rocks, Environmental Geology, 40, 1138.
• [18] Dos Anjos M.J., Lopes R.T., Assis J.T., Cesareo R. & Barradas C.A.A. (2000). Quantitative analysis of metals in soil using X-ray fluorescence. Spectrochimica Acta Part B, 55, 1189.
• [19] Esteves Alvarez J.R., Montero A.A., Jimenez N.H., Muniz U.O., Padilla A.R., Molina R.J. & Quicute de Vera S. (2001). Nuclear and related analytical methods applied to the determination of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in a red ferralitic soil and Sorghum samples, Journal of Radioanalitycal and Nuclear Chemistry, 247, 470.
• [20] Evans L.J. (2000). Fractionation and Aqueous Speciation of Zinc in a Lake Polluted by Mining Activities, Flin Flong, Canada, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 122, 299.
• [21] Frankowski M., Zioła-Frankowska A., Kowalski A. & Siepak J. (2010). Seasonal and spatial changes of metal concentrations in groundwater outflows from porous sediments in the Gryżyna-Grabin Tunnel Valley in western Poland, Environmental Earth Sciences, 60, 1165.
• [22] Handa B.K. (1969). Chemistry of manganese in natural waters, Chemical Geology, 5, 161.
• [23] Izquierdo C, Usero J. & Gracia I. (1997). Speciation of Heavy Metals in Sediments from Salt Marshes on the Southern Atlantic Coast of Spain, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34, 123.
• [24] Jabłohska M., Szopa S. & Nocoh K. (2011). ICP-MS and ASA as a useful tool in the creation of reference materials used in the EDXRF technique, Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska, 14, 2, 121-135 (in Polish).
• [25] Jain C, Harish-Gupta K. & Chakrapani G.J. (2008). Enrichment and fractionation of heavy metals in bed sediments of River Narmada, India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 141, 35.
• [26] Jha S.K., Chavan S.B., Pandit G.G., Negi B.S. & Sadasivan S. (2002). Behaviour and fluxes of trace and toxic elements in creek sediment near Mumbai, India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 76, 249.
• [27] Jianmin H., Runqiu H. & Jiu J.J. (2007). Speciation and mobility of heavy metals in mud in coastal reclamation areas in Shenzhen, China. Environmental Geology 53, 221.
• [28] Kasperek R., Rosik-Dulewska Cz. & Wiatkowski M. (2007) Studies of sediments in the region of the Upper Odra River border meanders. Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska (Annual Set the Environment Protection), 9, 293-302 (in Polish).
• [29] Kipriyanova L.M., Dvurechenskaya S.Y., Sokolovskaya I.P, Trunova V.A. & Anoshin G.N. (2001). XRFSR technique in the investigations of elements content in aquatic vascular plants and bottom sediments, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 470, 441.
• [30] Kondracki J. (1998). Regional Geography of Polish, PWN, Warszawa 1998 (in Polish).
• [31] Kutle A., Orescanin V., Obhodas J. & Valkovic V. (2004). Trace element distribution in geochemical environment of the island Krk and its influence on the local population, Journal of Radioanalitycal and Nuclear Chemistry, 259, 271.
• [32] LAWA - Landesarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser,: Beurteilung der Wasserbeschaffen-heitm von Fliesgewassern in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland - chemische Gewasserguteklassifi kation, Zielvorgaben zum Schutz oberirdischer binnengewasser - Band 2, Berlin 1998.
• [33] Liang L. & Morgan J.J. (1990). Chemical Aspects of Iron Oxide Coagulation in Water: Laboratory Studies and Implication for Natural Systems. Aquatic. Sciences, 52, 32.
• [34] Mahmoud H.M., Abbady A.G.E., Khairy M.A., Abdehalim A.S. & El-Taher A. (2005). Multi-element determination in sandstone rock by instrumental neutron activation analysis, Journal of Radioanalitycal and Nuclear Chemistry, 264, 715.
• [35] Medici L., Bellanova J., Belviso C, Cavalcante F, Lettino A., Ragone P.P. & Fiore S. (2011). Trace metals speciation in sediments of the Basento River (Italy), Applied Clay Science, 53, 414.
• [36] Moalla S.M.N., Awadallah R.M., Rashed M.N. & Soltan M.E. (1998). Distribution and chemical fractionation of some heavy metals in bottom sediments of Lake Nasser, Hydrobiologia, 364, 31.
• [37] Nocoń W. & Kostecki M. (2005). Hydro-chemical Characteristic of Bytomka River. Archives of Environmental Protection, 31, (1), 31.
• [38] Nocoń W. (2006). The content of heavy metals in sediments of the Kłodnica River, Journal of Elementology, 4, 457 (in Polish).
• [39] Nocoń W., Kostecki M. & Kozłowski J. (2006). Hydrochemical characteristics of the Klodnica River, Ochrona Środowiska. 3, 39 (in Polish).
• [40] Perin G., Craboledda L., Lucchese M., Cirillo R., Dotta L. & Zanette M.L. (1985). Heavy metal speciation in the sediments of Northern Adriatic Sea - a new approach for environmental toxicity determination, Heavy Metals in the Environment, 2, 454.
• [41] Perret D., Gaillard J.F,. Diminik J. & Atteia O. (2000). The diversity of natural hydrous iron oxides, Environmental Sciences and Technology, 34, 3540.
• [42] Polyak K. & Hlavay J. (1999). Environmental mobility of trace metals collected in the lake Balaton, Frasenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 363, 587.
• [43] Prasad M.B.K., Ramanathan A.L., Shrivastav S.K., Saxena A. & Saxena R. (2006). Metal fractionation studies in surfacial and core sediments in the Achankovil River basin in India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 121, 77.
• [44] Purushothaman P. & Chakrapani G.J. (2007). Heavy metals fractionation in Ganga River sediments, India, Environmental Monitoring and Assessesment, 132, 475.
• [45] Relic D., Dordevic D., Popovic A., Jadranin M. & Polic P. (2010). Fractionation and potential mobility of trace metals in Danube alluvial aquifer within an industrialized zone, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 171, 229.
• [46] Sharmin S., Zakir H.M. & Shikazono N. (2010). Fractionation profile and mobility pattern of trace metals in sediments of Nomi River, Tokyo, Japan. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 1, 1.
• [47] Shen J., Liu E., Zhu Y., Hu S. & Qu W. (2007). Nutrient dynamics linked to hydrological condition and anthropogenic nutrient loading in Chaohu Lake (southeast China), Hydrobiologia, 581, 141.
• [48] Strzyszcz Z. & Harabin Z. (2004). Reclamation and biological waste treatment of coal mining with particular attention to central dumps, Work & Studies, Zabrze 2004 (in Polish).
• [49] Stuczyński T., Sierbilec G., Maliszewska-Kordybach B., Smreczak B. & Gawrysiak L. (2004). Determination of areas whose quality standards are exceeded soils, Environmental Monitoring Library, Warszawa 2004 (in Polish).
• [50] Suarez-Fernandez G.P., Vega J.M.G., Fuertes A.B., Garcia A.B. & Martinez-Tarazona M.R. (2001). Analysis of major, minor and trace elements in coal by radioisotope X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Fuel, 80, 255.
• [51] Szarek-Gwiazda E. (2005). Manganese and iron accumulation in a eutrophic, submontane dam reservoir - the role of speciation, Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 34(3), 125.
• [52] Szarek-Gwiazda E. & Mazurkiewicz-Boroń G. (2002). Deposition of Copper in the Eutrophic, Submontane Dobczyce Dam Reservoir (Southern Poland) - Role of Speciation, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 140, 1-4, 203.
• [53] Taylor M.P. & Kesterton R.G.H. (2002). Heavy metal contamination of an arid river environment: Gruben River, Namibia, Geomorphology. 42, 311.
• [54] Tessiere A., Campbell P.G. & Kisson M. (1979). Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals, Trace Metals Analytical Chemistry, 51, 844.
• [55] Tsai L.J., Yu K.C., Chang J.S. & Ho S.T. (1998). Fractionation of heavy metals in sediment cores from the Ell-Ren River, Taiwan, Water Science and Technology. 37, 6-7, 217.
• [56] Twardowska I., Szczepańska J. & Witczak S. (2004). The impact of coal mining wastes on the aquatic environment. The risk assessment, prediction, prevention. Work & Studies, Zabrze 2004 (in Polish).
• [57] Usero J., Gamero M., Morillo J. & Gracia I. (1998). Comparative study of three sequential extraction procedures for metals in marine sediment, Environment International, 24, 487.
• [58] Van der Berg G.A., Loch J.P.G., van der Heijdt L.M. & Zwolsman J.J.G. (1999). Mobilisation of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Sediments in the River Meuse, The Netherlands, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 116, 3-4, 567.
• [59] Villalobos-Castaneda B., Alfaro-Cuevas R., Cortes-Martinez R.V., Martinez-Miranda A. & Marquez–Benavides L. (2010). Distribution and partitioning of iron, zinc, and arsenic in surface sediments in the Grande River mouth to Cuitzeo Lake, Mexico, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 166, 331.
• [60] Wang H., Wang C.X., Wang Z.J. & Cao Z.H. (2004). Fractionation of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Taihu Lake, East China, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 26, 303.
• [61] Wennrich R., Mattusch J., Morgenstern P., Freyer K., Treutler H. Ch., Stark, H.J., Bruggemann L., Paschke A., Daus B. & Weiss H. (2004). Characterization of sediments in an abandoned mining area; a case study of Mansfeld region, Germany, Environmental Geology, 45, 818.
• [62] Whiteley J.D. & Pearce N.J.G. (2003). Metal distribution during diagenesis in the contaminated sediments of Dulas Bay, Anglesey, N. Wales, UK, Applied Geochemistry, 18, 901.
• [63] Yu K.N., Yeung Z., Lee L., Stokes M.J. & Kwok R. (2002). Determination of multi-element profiles of street dust using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 57, 279.