The new mineral exploration strategies of selected major mineral-rich countries

• Autorzy: Yun Yu

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/gsm.2021.136292

Warianty tytułu

PL

Nowe strategie poszukiwań złóż surowców mineralnych w wybranych krajach posiadających takie surowce

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper first describes basic information on 13 mineral resource strategy reports issued by the world’s major mineral resource exploration countries and regions, including Australia, Canada, Europe, the U.S., Russia, and India. Through these strategic reports, we identified the problems facing current mineral exploration and development, such as mining issues, increased on land access and permitting, disincentives to obtain precompetitive geoscience information, and the urgent need to improve exploration technology to adapt to new demands. Then, by studying the visions and aims of the new mineral resource strategies, this paper found that the strategic goals have something in common: to display a new image of mining development. The new image of mining development is an image of advanced mining through green development, ecological protection, technology intensity, sustainability, and social acceptance, consolidating the primary position and foundational role of mineral resources and mining development in economic and social development. The new image creates a favorable development environment for the rational use and adequate protection of mineral resources. After that, a summary of the measures taken to achieve these objectives, which include strengthening domestic mineral exploration, increasing coordination between mineral exploration and ecological environmental protection, strengthening the life cycle management of the industrial chain, playing a significant role in scientific and technological innovation, and paying close attention to significant shifts in the focus on critical minerals, is provided.

PL

W artykule opisano podstawowe informacje zawarte w 13 raportach, dotyczące strategii zasobów surowców mineralnych, wydanych przez wybrane najważniejsze kraje i regiony zajmujące się poszukiwaniem złóż surowców mineralnych, w tym Australię, Kanadę, Europę, Stany Zjednoczone, Rosję i Indie. Dzięki tym raportom strategicznym zidentyfikowano problemy jakie towarzyszą obecnie poszukiwaniom i zagospodarowaniu złóż, a mianowicie: trudności z wydobyciem, zwiększone zapotrzebowanie na grunty, trudności z uzyskaniem pozwoleń i informacji geologicznej. W związku z tym konieczna jest potrzeba ulepszenia technologii poszukiwań, aby dostosować się do nowych wymagań. Następnie, badając wizje i zadania nowych strategii dotyczących surowców mineralnych, w artykule stwierdzono, że mają one wspólny cel: ukazać nowy wizerunek rozwoju górnictwa. Nowy obraz górnictwa to: zaawansowany rozwój zielonego górnictwa, ochrona ekologiczna, efektywność technologii, zrównoważony rozwój i akceptacja społeczna, utrwalenie podstawowej pozycji i fundamentalnej roli surowców mineralnych w rozwoju gospodarczym i społecznym kraju. Nowy wizerunek stwarza korzystne warunki rozwojowe dla racjonalnego wykorzystania i odpowiedniej ochrony zasobów surowców mineralnych. Dokonano podsumowania działań podjętych w celu osiągnięcia tych zamierzeń, które obejmują zwiększenie: poszukiwań surowców mineralnych, koordynacji między poszukiwaniem złóż i ekologiczną ochroną środowiska, wzmocnienia zarządzania cyklem życia łańcucha przemysłowego, znaczącej roli w innowacjach naukowych i technologicznych, jak również zwracanie bacznej uwagi na zmiany zainteresowania krytycznymi surowcami mineralnymi.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

mineral resource strategy; mineral resources; deposits of minerals

PL

strategia zasobów mineralnych; surowce mineralne; złoża surowców mineralnych

• Wydawca: Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN ; Komitet Zrównoważonej Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi PAN
• Czasopismo: Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: T. 37, z. 1
• Strony: 5--20
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 43 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Yun Yu

• China Geological Survey Development and Research Center, China

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-0503

Bibliografia

• [1] AAS 2018. Our Planet, Australia’s Future A decade of transition in Geoscience. Canberra: Australian Academy of Science (AAS), 54 pp.
• [2] AG 2019a. Australia’s Critical Minerals Strategy[R]. Commonwealth of Australia.
• [3] AG 2019b. National Resources Statement. Canberra: Australian Government (AG), 5 pp.
• [4] Bacon, A. and Pemberton, J. 2012. Mineral Exploration Code of Practice. Ed. 5. Hobart: Mineral Resources Tasmania, 21 pp.
• [5] Barakos, G. An outlook on the rare earth elements mining industry. [Online] https://www.ausimmbulletin.com/feature/an-outlook-on-the-rare-earth-elements-mining-industry [Accessed: 2020-02-01].
• [6] BGS 2015. Risk list 2015. Nottingham: British Geological Survey (BGS), 2 pp.
• [7] BLM 2017. Secretarial Order 3355, Streamlining National Environmental Policy Act Reviews and Implementation of Executive Order 13807. Establishing Discipline and Accountability in the Environmental Review and Permitting Process for Infrastructure Projects. Washington: the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM).
• [8] Cobalt Historical Society. The Cobalt Mining District National Historic Site of Canada. [Online] https://heritagesilvertrail.ca/10-00-hst.html [Accessed: 2020-11-15].
• [9] CSIRO 2017. Mining equipment, technology and services: a Roadmap for unlocking future growth opportunities for Australia. Canberra: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), 32 pp.
• [10] DISER 2020. Resources and Energy Quarterly March 2020. Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resource of Australia (DISER), 11 pp.
• [11] DOC 2019. A Federal Strategy to Ensure Secure and Reliable Supplies of Critical Minerals. Washington: the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC).
• [12] DOE 2019. Energy Department Announces Battery Recycling Prize and Battery Recycling R&D Center. Washington: the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
• [13] DOI 2018. Final List of Critical Minerals 2018 (83 Fed. Reg. 23295). Washington: the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI).
• [14] EOP 2017. A Federal Strategy To Ensure Secure and Reliable Supplies of Critical Minerals (E.O. 13817 of Dec 20, 2017). Washington: Executive Office of the President (EOP).
• [15] Exploring for the Future. Introduce [Online] http://www.ga.gov.au/eftf [Accessed: 2020-11-15].
• [16] GI 2019. National Mineral Policy of India. Government of India (GI), 3 pp.
• [17] GWG 2017. Australia Minerals 2017–2022 National Mineral Exploration Strategy. Geoscience Working Group (GWG), 5 pp.
• [18] Hodgkinson, J.H. and Smith, M.H. 2018. Climate change and sustainability as drivers for the next mining and metals boom: The need for climate-smart mining and recycling. Resources Policy 172, pp. 274–286.
• [19] INFACT. Introduction. [Online] https://www.infactproject.eu/about-the-project/#introduction [Accessed: 2020-11-15].
• [20] Karl, N. and Wilburn, D. 2017. Global nonfuel mineral exploration trends 2001–2015. Mining Engineering 69, pp. 30–37.
• [21] LePan, N. 2018. The Base Metal Boom: The Start of a New Bull Market? [Online] https://www.visualcapitalist. com/base-metal-boom/ [Accessed: 2020-12-15].
• [22] Maennling, N. and Toledano, P. 2019. Seven trends shaping the future of the mining and metals industry. [Online] https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/03/seven-trends-shaping-the-future-of-the-mining-and-metals-sector/[Accessed: 2020–12-15].
• [23] Manalo, P. 2018. Grassroots’ share of global budget at all-time low. S&P Global 22, p. 1.
• [24] Marina, S. The rush for cobalt in Cobalt, Ont: Mining companies snap up land in the north [Online] https://www. cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/cobalt-mining-resurgence-1.4030303 [Accessed: 2020-12-15].
• [25] MNRE 2019. On approval of the Action Plan for the implementation of the Strategy of development of the mineral resource base of the Russian Federation until 2035 (for 2019–2024 years) (in Russian). The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of Russia (MNRE).
• [26] Netshitenzhe, J. 2019. Towards Mining Vision 2030. [In:] The Future of Mining in South Africa: Sunset or Sunrise? The Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection (MISTRA), pp. 17–65, DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvgc60w8.7.
• [27] NRC 2017. The Minerals and Metals Policy of the Government of Canada. Alberta: Natural Resources Canada (NRC), 9 pp.
• [28] NRC 2018. Mining Ideas for the Canadian Minerals and Metals Plan: A Discussion Paper. Alberta: Natural Resources Canada (NRC), 15 pp.
• [29] NRC 2019. The Canadian Minerals and Metals Plan. Alberta: Natural Resources Canada (NRC), 13 pp.
• [30] Resources 2030 Taskforce 2018. Australian resources-providing prosperity for future generations. Resources 2030 Taskforce, 42 pp.
• [31] Richard, S. 2016. A decade of discoveries A good – news story driven by junior explorers, guided by artisanal workings. Mining Journal. January, p. 20.
• [32] Richard, S. 2018a. The Strategic Benefits To Governments In Supporting Exploration. [Online] https://minexconsulting.com/the-strategic-benefits-to-governments-in-supporting-exploration-2/ [Accessed: 2020-12-15].
• [33] Richard, S. 2018b. Where, what, when and who? Highlighting key global exploration opportunities, trends and a perspective on the cycle of mineral exploration. International Mining and Resource Conference. 31st October 2018, Melbourne, pp. 22.
• [34] Sharma, R.K. 2017. Indian mining: vision 2030 and beyond. International Conference & Expo on Mining Industry Vision 2030 & Beyond. December 6–8, 2017, Nagpur.
• [35] Silveira, J.W. and Resende, M. 2017. Competition in the International niobium Market: An Econometric Study. CESifo Working Paper Series 6715, CESifo Group Munich.
• [36] SNL Metals & Mining, 2020. SNL Metals & Mining Database, Exploration Budget Trends. [Online] http://www.snl.com/ [Accessed: 2020-12-15].
• [37] The Mining Industry: From Bust to Boom. [Online]https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/confs/2011/connolly-orsmond.html [Accessed: 2020-12-15].
• [38] UN 2014. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision. New York: United Nations (UN).
• [39] UNCOVER. Introduction. [Online] https://www.uncoveraustralia.org.au/ [Accessed: 2020-12-15].
• [40] USGS 2020. Mineral commodity summaries 2020. Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
• [41] Vale 2020. Vale. Biodiversity. [Online] http://www.vale.com/brasil/EN/sustainability/Pages/biodiversity.aspx [Accessed: 2020-12-15].
• [42] VERAM 2018. Research & Innovation Roadmap 2050: A Sustainable and Competitive Future for European Raw Materials. Brussels: Vision and Roadmap for European Raw Materials (VERAM).
• [43] Yun, Y. 2020. Assessing the criticality of minerals used in emerging technologies in China. Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi – Mineral Resources Management 36, pp. 5–20, DOI: 10.24425/gsm.2020.132559.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).