PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Powiadomienia systemowe
  • Sesja wygasła!
Tytuł artykułu

Health Effects Associated With Long-Term Occupational Exposure of Employees of a Chlor-Alkali Plant to Mercury

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This study aimed to evaluate possible health effects associated with long-term occupational exposure to low levels of mercury vapors. Forty-six subjects exposed to mercury and 65 healthy unexposed employees were studied. The subjects were administered a questionnaire on experienced symptoms and underwent clinical examinations as well as routine biochemical tests. Atmospheric and urinary concentrations of mercury were measured, too. Environmental concentrations of mercury were estimated to be 3.97 ± 6.28 μg/m3 and urinary concentrations of mercury in exposed and referent groups were 34.30 ± 26.77 and 10.15 ± 3.82 μg/dm3, respectively. Additionally, symptoms such as somatic fatigue, anorexia, loss of memory, erethism, blurred vision and teeth problems were significantly more common among exposed individuals. These observations indicate that occupational exposure to mercury vapors, even at low levels, is likely to be associated with neurological and psychological symptoms.
Rocznik
Strony
97--106
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
autor
  • Research Center for Health Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  • Medical and Health Organization, National Iranian Oil Company, Shiraz, Iran
autor
  • School of Health and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Bibliografia
  • 1.Risher JF, Murray EH, Prince GR. Organic mercury compounds: human exposure and its relevance to public health. Toxicol Ind Health. 2002;18(3):109–60.
  • 2.Risher JF, Nickle RA, Amler SN. Elemental mercury poisoning in occupational and residential settings. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2003;206(4–5):371–9.
  • 3.Pacyna EG, Pacyna JM, Sundseth K, Munthe J, Kindbom K, Wilson S, et al. Global emission of mercury to the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources in 2005 and projections to 2020. Atmos Environ. 2010;44:2487–99.
  • 4.Aaron R, David A. Mercury pollution and remediation: the chemist’s response to a global crisis. J Chem Crystallogr. 2003;33:631–45.
  • 5.Mortazavi SB, Mirzae R, Khavanin A, Asilian H, Nourshargh M, Soleimanian A. Metallic mercury vapour and particulate pollution in a petrochemical company. Behbood. 2005;3:235–40. In Persian.
  • 6.Holmes PA, Jame KAF, Levy LS. Is lowlevel environmental mercury exposure of concern to human health? Sci Total Environ. 2009;408(2):171–82 (dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.043).
  • 7.Pettersen RB, Ellingsen DG, Efskind J, Jordskogen R, Thomassen Y. A neurobehavioral study of chloralkali workers after the cessation of exposure to mercury vapor. Neurotoxicology. 2005;26(3):427–37 (dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2005.03.006).
  • 8.Ellingsen DG, Pettersen RB, Efskind J, Thomassen Y. Neuropsychological effects of low mercury vapor exposure in chloralkali workers. Neurotoxicology. 2001;22(2):249–58 (dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/S0161-813X(01)00012-2).
  • 9.Zachi EC, Ventura DF, Faria MAM, Taub A. Neuropsychological dysfunction related to earlier occupational exposure to mercury vapor. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2007;40(3):425–33. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2007000300019&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en.
  • 10.Chapman LJ, Sauter SL, Henning AR, Dodson VN, Reddan WG, Matthews CG. Differences in frequency of finger tremor in otherwise asymptomatic mercury workers. Br J Ind Med. 1990;47(12):838–43. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1035292/?tool=pubmed.
  • 11.Wastensson G, Lamoureux D, Sällsten G, Beuter A, Barregård L. Quantitative tremor assessment in workers with current low exposure to mercury vapor. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2006;28(6):681–93 (dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2006.09.001).
  • 12.Fawer RF, de Ribaupierre Y, Guillemin MP, Berode M, Lob M. Measurement of hand tremor induced by industrial exposure to metallic mercury. Br J Ind Med. 1983;40(2):204–8. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1009173/?tool=pubmed.
  • 13.Langworth S, Almkvist O, Soderman E, Wikstrom BO. Effects of occupational exposure to mercury vapour on the central nervous system. Br J Ind Med. 1992;49(8):545–55. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1039287/?tool=pubmed.
  • 14.Piikivi L, Hanninen H. Subjective symptoms and psychological performance of chlorine-alkali workers. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1989;15(1):69–74.
  • 15.Mathiesen T, Ellingsen DG, Kjuus H. Neuropsychological effects associated with exposure to mercury vapor among former chloralkali workers. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999;25(4):312–50.
  • 16.Moen BE, Hollund BE, Riise T. Neurological symptoms among dental assistants: a cross-sectional study. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2008;3:10. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2427043/?tool=pubmed.
  • 17.Frumkin H, Letz R, Williams PL, Gerr F, Pierce M, Sanders A, et al. Health effects of long-term mercury exposure among chloralkali plant workers. Am J Ind Med. 2001;39(1):1–18.
  • 18.Smith PJ, Langolf GD, Goldberg J. Effects of occupational exposure to elemental mercury on short term memory. Br J Ind Med. 1983;40(4):413–9. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1009214/?tool=pubmed.
  • 19.Grum DK, Kobal AB, Arneric N, Horvat M, Zenko B, Dzeroski S, et al. Personality traits in miners with past occupational elemental mercury exposure. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(2):290–6 (dx.doi.org/doi:10.1289/ehp.7863). Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367847/?tool=pubmed.
  • 20.Martin MD, Williams BJ, Charleston JD, Oda D. Spontaneous exfoliation of teeth following severe elemental mercury poisoning: case report and histological investigation for mechanism. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84(5):495–501 (dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/S1079-2104(97)90265-1).
  • 21.World Medical Association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Adopted by the 18th General Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, June 1964, and amended by the 59th WMA General Assembly, Seoul, Korea, October 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/.
  • 22.Ford M, Delaney KA, Ling L, Erickson T, editors. Clinical toxicology. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Saunders; 2001.
  • 23.American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices. Cincinnati, OH, USA: ACGIH; 2009.
  • 24.Piikivi L. Cardiovascular reflexes and long term exposure to mercury vapour. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1989; 61(6):391–5.
  • 25.Holland RI, Ellingsen DG, Olstad ML, Kjuus H. Dental health in workers previously exposed to mercury vapour at a chloralkali plant. Occup Environ Med. 1999;51(10):656–9. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1128072/?tool=pubmed.
  • 26.United Nations Environment Programme, International Labour Organization, World Health Organization (WHO). Inorganic mercury (environmental health criteria 118). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1991. Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc118.htm.
  • 27.Miller JM, Chaffin DB, Smith RG. Subclinical psychomotor and neuromuscular change in workers exposed to inorganic mercury. Am Ind Hyg Assoc. 1975;36(10):735–3.
  • 28.Richardson GM, Brecher RW, Scobie H, Hamblen J, Samuelian J, Smith C. Mercury vapour (HG0): continuing toxicological uncertainties, and establishing a Canadian reference exposure level. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2009;53(1):32–8 (dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.10.004).
  • 29.Ritchie KA, Gilmour WH, Macdonald EB, Burke FJ, McGowan DA, Dale IM, et al. Health and neuropsychological functioning of dentists exposed to mercury. Occup Environ Med 2002;59(5):287–93 (dx.doi.org/doi:10.1136/oem.59.5.287). Retrieved December 30, 2011, from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1740287/?tool=pubmed.
  • 30.Holmes P, James KAF, Levy LS. Is lowlevel environmental mercury exposure of concern to human health? Sci Total Environ. 2009;408(2):171–82 (dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.043).
  • 31.Echeverria D, Woods JS, Heyer NJ, Rohlman D, Farin FM, Li T, Garabedian CE. The association between a genetic polymorphism of coproporphyrinogen oxidase, dental mercury exposure and neurobehavioral response in humans. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2006;28(1):39–48 (dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2005.10.006).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-29c8a787-2771-42ef-8dde-ad110888fddc
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.