Age Structures and Air Pollution: What Role Does Gender Play?

• Autorzy: Liu Jiliang , Wang Wei , Chen Yin E , Chang Chun-Ping

Warianty tytułu

PL

Struktura wiekowa i zanieczyszczenie powietrza: jaką role odgrywa płeć?

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

We investigate the influence of age structure and gender on air pollution, dividing the age structure into four groups and use CO2 emissions as a measure of air pollution, which can be separated into four categories to ob-tain more complete findings, then employing panel cointegration techniques and panel-based error correction models. The data are collected from 29 OECD and 40 non-OECD countries in the period 1990-2014. For case of total CO2 emissions, younger (people under 30) and older people (people 65 and above) emit less than people in the intermediate age group, but the impact of age group on CO2 emissions is different when looking at CO2 emissions from coal, gas, and oil. While we take gender into account, the causality between age structure and CO2 emissions becomes significant, especially for the relationship between population and total CO2 emissions in OECD and non-OECD countries. We also note that more people who are aged 15-29 increase total CO2 emis-sions in OECD countries and more people who are aged 30-44 decrease CO2 emissions from coal in non-OECD countries. Our findings suggest that an energy and environmental policy should consider both age structure and gender effects on environmental issues.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań odnoszących się do wpływu zmiennych struktury wiekowej i płci na zanie-czyszczenia powietrza, wyróżniając cztery grupy wiekowe i wykorzystując poziom emisji CO2 jako wskaźnik zanieczyszczeń powietrza, który można podzielić na 4 kategorie, a następnie wykorzystaliśmy techniki kointe-gracji paneli i oparte na panelach modele korekcji błędów. Dane zebrano z 29 krajów należących do OECD i 40 spoza tej organizacji, obejmują one lata 1990-2014. W przypadku całkowitej emisji CO2 okazało się, że osoby młodsze (poniżej 30 roku życia) oraz starsze (powyżej 65 roku życia) odpowiedzialne są za mniejszą emisję niż osoby w wieku średnim, przy czym występują różnice odnoszące się do poszczególnych grup wiekowych w odniesieniu do emisji CO2 z różnych źródeł: węgla, gazu i ropy. Biorąc pod uwagę płeć, zależność pomiędzy strukturą wiekową a emisjami CO2 okazuje się być znaczącą, szczególnie w aspekcie relacji pomiędzy populacją a całkowitą emisją CO2. Zauważyliśmy ponadto, że osoby w wieku 15-29 z krajów OECD bardziej przyczyniają się do wzrostu całkowitej emisji CO2, a w przypadku krajów nie należących do OECD osoby w wieku 30-44 bardziej odpowiedzialne są za obniżenie emisji CO2 z węgla. Przeprowadzone badania umożliwiają postawienie hipotezy, według której polityka energetyczna i środowiskowa w kontekście zagadnień odnoszących się do środowiska powinna uwzględniać zarówno strukturę wieku jak i płci.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

age structure; gender; carbon emission; panel cointegration; panel causality

PL

struktura wiekowa; płeć; emisja ditlenku węgla; kointegracja paneli; przyczynowość panelu

• Wydawca: Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Problemy Ekorozwoju
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: Vol. 14, nr 1
• Strony: 43--52
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 38 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Liu Jiliang

• College of Education Capital Normal University, Beijing, China

autor

Wang Wei

• School of Management, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China

autor

Chen Yin E

• School of Economics and Management, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan

autor

Chang Chun-Ping

• Shih Chien University at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).