Observational evidence for human impact on aerosol cloud-mediated processes in the Baltic region

• Autorzy: Krüger O.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5697/oc.56-2.205

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Knowledge about aerosol cloud-mediated processes is important for judging climate change in Europe during recent decades. Here, some observational evidence for anthropogenic influences is described and discussed. The emphasis is laid on the effects of the large emissions of sulphur dioxide and particulate matter during the 1980s in Europe and the subsequent strong decrease in the 1990s. In addition, an analysis of the dependence of aerosol cloud-mediated processes on atmospheric circulation patterns (Grosswetterlagen) is presented.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

aerosols; clouds; radiation; Grosswetterlagen

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology ; Elsevier
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: No. 56 (2)
• Strony: 205--222
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 47 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Krüger O.

• Tartu Observatory, 61602, Toravere, Tartumaa, Estonia
• Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, Estonia

Bibliografia

• [1]. Ackerman A. S., Toon O. B., Stevens D. E., Heymsfield A. J., Ramanathan V., Welton E. J., 2004 Reduction of tropical cloudiness by soot, Science, 288 (5468), 1042-1047, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5468.1042
• [2]. Andreae M. O., Rosenfeld D., Artaxo P., Costa A. A., Frank G. P., Longo K. M., Silva-Dias M. A. F., 2004, Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon, Science, 303 (5662), 1337-1342, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1092779
• [3]. Albrecht B. A., 1989, Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness, Science, 245 (4923), 1227-1230, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.245.4923.1227
• [4]. Armalis S., 1999, Wet deposition of elemental carbon in Lithuania, Sci. Total Environ., 239 (1-3), 89-93, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00288-0
• [5]. Bates T. S., Huebert B. J., Gras J. L., Griffiths F. B., 1998, International global atmospheric chemistry (IGAC) project’s first aerosol characterization experiment (ACE-1): Overview, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (D13), 16297-16318, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97JD03741
• [6]. Bäumer D., Vogel B., 2007, An unexpected pattern of distinct weekly periodicities in climatological variables in Germany, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03819, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006GL028559
• [7]. Bond T. C., Doherty S. J., Fahey D. W., Forster P. M., Berntsen T., De Angelo B. J., Flanner M. G., Ghan S., Kärcher B., Koch D., Kinne S., Kondo Y., Quinn P. K., Sarofim M. C., Schultz M. G., Schulz M., Venkataraman C., Zhang H., Zhang S., Bellouin N., Guttikunda S. K., Hopke P. K., Jacobson M. Z., Kaiser J. W., Klimont Z., Lohmann U., Schwarz J. P., Shindell D., Storelvmo T., Warren S. G., Zender C. S., 2013, Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 5380-5552.
• [8]. Coakley J. A., 1987, Effect of ship stack effluents on cloud reflectivity, Science 237 (4818), 1020-1022.
• [9]. Conover J. H., 1966, Anomalous cloud lines, J. Atmos. Sci., 23 (6), 778-785, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1966)023<0778:ACL>2.0.CO;2
• [10]. Devasthale A., Krüger O., Grassl H., 2005, Change in cloud top temperatures over Europe, IEEE Geosci. Remote S., 2 (3), 333-336, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2005.851736
• [11]. Devasthale A., Krüger O., Grassl H., 2006, Impact of ship emissions on cloud properties over coastal areas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02811, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024470
• [12]. Eerme K., Kallis A., Veismann U., Ansko I., 2010, Interannual variations of available solar radiation on seasonal level in 1955-2006 at Tartu Tõravere Meteorological Station, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 101 (3-4), 371-379, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-009-0226-6
• [13]. Eliassen A., Saltbones J., 1983, Modelling of long-range transport of sulphur over Europe: A two year model run and some model experiments, Atmos. Environ., 17 (8), 1457-1473, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(83)90299-8
• [14]. EMEP - The European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, 2004 Transboundary particulate matter in Europe, [in:] Co-operative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe, Joint CCC & MSC-W & CIAM Rep., EMEP Report 4/2004, Chemical Coord. Cent., Norwegian Inst. Air Res. (NILU), Kjeller, 159 pp.
• [15]. Ferek R. J., Garrett T., Hobbs P. V., Strader S., Johnson D., Taylor J. P., Nielden K., Ackerman A. S., Kogan Y., Liu Q., Albrecht B. A., Babb D., 2000, Drizzle suppression in ship tracks, J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2707-2728, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2707:DSIST>2.0.CO;2
• [16]. Gerstengarbe F. W., Werner P. C., 2005, Katalog der Grosswetterlagen Europas (1881-2004), Rep. 100, Potsdam Inst. Klimafolgenforschung, 153 pp.
• [17]. Graßl H., 1975, Albedo reduction and radiative heating of clouds by absorbing aerosol particles, Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 48, 199-210.
• [18]. Graßl H., 1978, Strahlung in getrübten Atmosphären und in Wolken, Hamburger Geophys. Einzelschrif., 37, Univ. Hamburg.
• [19]. Husar R. B., Prospero J. M., Stowe L. L., 1997, Characterization of tropospheric aerosols over oceans with NOAA advanced very high resolution radiometer optical thickness operational product, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16 889-16 909, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96JD04009
• [20]. IPCC, 2007, Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, [in:] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor & H. L. Miller (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, New York, 996 pp.
• [21]. Kaufman J., 1998, Smoke Clouds and Radiation - Brazil (SCAR-B), J. Geophys. Res., 113, 31 783-31 808, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98JD02281
• [22]. Kriebel K. T., 1978, Measured spectral bidirectional reflection properties of four vegetated surfaces, Appl. Optics, 17 (2), 253-259, http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.17.000253
• [23]. Krüger O., Fischer J., 1994, Correction of aerosol influence in Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper data, GeoJournal, 32 (1), 61-70, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00806358
• [24]. Krüger O., Graßl H., 2002, The indirect aerosol effect over Europe, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (19), http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014081
• [25]. Krüger O., Graßl H., 2011, Southern Ocean phytoplankton increases cloud albedo and reduces precipitation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L08809, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047116
• [26]. Krüger O., Marks R., Graßl H., 2004, Influence of pollution on cloud reflectance, J. Geophys. Res., 109 (D24), http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004625
• [27]. Krüger O., Tuovinen J.-P., 1997, The effect of variable sub-grid deposition factors on the results of the lagrangian long-range transport model of EMEP, Atmos. Environ., 31 (24), 4199-4209, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00261-6
• [28]. Kulmala M., Asmi A., Lappalainen H. K., Baltensperger U., Brenguier J.- L., Facchini M. C., Hansson H.-C., Hov Ø., O’Dowd C. D., Pöschl U., Wiedensohler A., Boers R., Boucher O., de Leeuw G., Denier van der Gon H. A. C., Feichter J., Krejci R., La j P., Lihavainen H., Lohmann U., McFiggans G., Mentel T., Pilinis C., Riipinen I., Schulz M., Stohl A., Świetlicki E., Vignati E., Alves C., Amann M., Ammann M., Arabas S., Artaxo P., Baars H., Beddows D. C. S., Bergström R., Beukes J. P., Bilde M., Burkhart J. F., Canonaco F., Clegg S. L., Coe H., Crumeyrolle S., D’Anna B., Decesari S., Gilardoni S., Fischer M., Fjaeraa A. M., Fountoukis C., George C., Gomes L., Halloran P., Hamburger T., Harrison R. M., Herrmann H., Hoffmann T., Hoose C., Hu M., Hyvärinen A., Hõrrak U., Iinuma Y., Iversen T., Josipovic M., Kanakidou M., Kiendler-Scharr A., Kirkevåg A., Kiss G., Klimont Z., Kolmonen P., Komppula M., Kristjánsson J.-E., Laakso L., Laaksonen A., Labonnote L., Lanz V. A., Lehtinen K. E. J., Rizzo L. V., Makkonen R., Manninen H. E., McMeeking G., Merikanto J., Minikin A., Mirme S., Morgan W. T., Nemitz E., O’Donnell D., Panwar T. S., Pawlowska H., Petzold A., Pienaar J. J., Pio C., Plass-Duelmer C., Prévôt A. S. H., Pryor S., Reddington C. L., Roberts G., Rosenfeld D., Schwarz J., Seland O., Sellegri K., Shen X. J., Shiraiwa M., Siebert H., Sierau B., Simpson D., Sun J. Y., Topping D., Tunved P., Vaattovaara P., Vakkari V., Veefkind J. P., Visschedijk A., Vuollekoski H., Vuolo R., Wehner B., Wildt J., Woodward S., Worsnop D. R., van Zadelhoff G.-J., Zardini A. A., Zhang K., van Zyl P. G., Kerminen V.-M., Carslaw K. S., Pandis S. N., 2011, General overview: European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) - integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 13 061-13 143, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13061-2011
• [29]. Langner J., Rodhe H., 1991, A three-dimensional model of the tropospheric sulphur cycle, J. Atmos. Chem., 13 (3), 225-263, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058134
• [30]. Liepert B. G., Kukla G. J., 1997, Decline in solar radiation with increased horizontal visibility in Germany between 1964 and 1990, J. Climate, 10 (9), 2391-2401, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2391:DIGSRW>2.0.CO;2
• [31]. Lohmann U., Feichter J., 2005, Global indirect aerosol effects: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5 (3), 715-737, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-715-2005
• [32]. Noone K. J., Clarke A. D., 1988, Soot scavenging measurements in Arctic snowfall, Atmos. Environ., 22, 2773-2778, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(88)90444-1
• [33]. O’Dowd C. D., de Leeuw G., 2007, Marine aerosol production: a review of the current knowledge, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A., 365 (1856), 1753-1774, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2043
• [34]. Paasonen P., Asmi A., Peta ja T., Ka jos M. K., Aijala M., Junninen H., Holst T., Abbatt J. P. D., Arneth A., Birmili W., van der Gon H. D., Hamed A., Hoffer A., Laakso L., Laaksonen A., Richard Leaitch W., Plass-Dulmer C., Pryor S. C., Raisanen P., Świetlicki E., Wiedensohler A., Worsnop D. R., Kerminen V.-M., Kulmala M., 2013, Warming-induced increase in aerosol number concentration likely to moderate climate change, Nat. Geosci., 6, 438-442, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1800
• [35]. Putaud J. P., Raes F., Van Dingenen R., Brüggemann E., Facchini M. C., Decesari S., Fuzzi S., Gehrig R., Hüglin C., La j P., Lorbeer G., Meanhaut W., Mihalopoulus N., Müller K., Querol X., Rodriguez S., Schneider J., Spindler G., ten Brink H., Torseth K., Wiedensohler A., 2004, A European aerosol phenomenology - 2: chemical characteristics of particulate matter at kerbside, urban, rural and background sites in Europe, Atmos. Environ., 38 (16), 2579-2595, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.041
• [36]. Radke L. F., Coakley Jr. J. A., King M. D., 1989, Direct remote sensing observations of the effects of ships on clouds, Science, 246, 1146-1149, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.246.4934.1146
• [37]. Raes F., Bates T., McGovern F., van Liedekerke M., 2000, The 2nd Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2): General overview and main results, Tellus B, 52 (2), 111-125, http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00124.x
• [38]. Ramanathan V., Crutzen P. J., Kiehl J. T., Rosenfeld D., 2001, Aerosols, climate and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119-2124, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1064034
• [39]. Rosenfeld D., 2000, Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution, Science, 287, 1793-1796, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5459.1793
• [40]. Schaap M., Denier Van Der Gon H. A. C., Dentener F. J., Visschedijk A. J. H., Van Loon M., ten Brink H. M., Putaud J.-P., Guillaume B., Liousse C., Builtjes P. J. H., 2004, Anthropogenic black carbon and fine aerosol distribution over Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 109 (D 18), http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004330
• [41]. Stephens B., Feingold G., 2009, Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system, Nature, 461, 607-613, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature08281
• [42]. Stjern C. W., Stohl A., Kristjánsson J. E., 2011, Have aerosols affected trends in visibility and precipitation in Europe?, J. Geophys. Res., 116 (D 2), D02212, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014603
• [43]. Stubenrauch C. J., Rossow W. B., Kinne S., Ackerman S., Cesana G., Chepfer H., Di Girolamo L., Getzewich B., Guignard A., Heidinger A., Maddux B. C., Menzel W. P., Minnis P., Pearl C., Platnick S., Poulsen C., Riedi J., Sun-Mack S., Walther A., Winker D., Zeng S., Zhao G., 2013, Assessment of global cloud datasets from satellites: Project and database initiated by the GEWEX Radiation Panel, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94 (7), 1031-1049, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00117.1
• [44]. Twomey S., 1974, Pollution and the planetary albedo, Atmos. Environ., 8 (12), 1251-1256, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(74)90004-3
• [45]. Twomey S., 1977, The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 34 (7), 1149-1152, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1149:TIOPOT>2.0.CO;2
• [46]. Van Dingenen R., Raes F., Putaud J.-P., Baltensperger U., Charron A., Facchini M.-C., Decesari S., Fuzzi S., Gehrig R., Hansson, H.-C., Harrison R. M., Hüglin C., Jones A. M., La j P., Lorbeer G., Maenhaut W., Palmgren F., Querol X., Rodriguez S., Schneider J., ten Brink H., Tunved P., Torseth K., Wehner B., Weingartner E., Wiedensohler A., Wåhlin P., 2004, A European aerosol phenomenology - 1: physical characteristics of particulate matter at kerbside, urban, rural and background sites in Europe, Atmos. Environ., 38 (16), 2561-2577, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.040
• [47]. Wood R., Mechoso C. R., Bretherton C. S., Weller R. A., Huebert B., Straneo F., Albrecht B. A., Coe H., Allen G., Vaughan G., Daum P., Fairall C., Chand D., Gallardo Klenner L., Garreaud R., Grados C., Covert D. S., Bates T. S., Krejci R., Russell L. M., de Szoeke S., Brewer A., Yuter S. E., Springston S. R., Chaigneau A., Toniazzo T., Minnis P., Palikonda R., Abel S. J., Brown W. O. J., Williams S., Fochesatto J., Brioude J., Bower K. N., 2011, The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx): goals, platforms, and field operations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11 (2), 627-654, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-627-2011