Sezonowa zmienność źródeł pyłów zawieszonych na przykładzie Krakowa

• Autorzy: Skiba Alicja , Styszko Katarzyna , Samek Lucyna , Gorczyca Zbigniew , Zimnoch Mirosław , Różański Kazimierz

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.53584/wiadchem.2025.1.6

Warianty tytułu

EN

Seasonal variability of particulate matter sources on the example of Krakow

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

We are observing a long-term trend, which is the growing interest of scientists and the general public, in air quality and air pollution, both in Poland and around the world. The deterioration of air quality is influenced by both anthropogenic and natural factors. The most well-known sources of anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere include the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, transportation, industry, as well as agricultural activities. Natural sources include, for example, grass pollen, soil erosion, wildfires, and volcanic emissions. One of the primary pollutants emitted into the atmosphere is particulate matter (PM) – an aerosol with a complex composition. It may contain chemical compounds considered carcinogenic, and long-term exposure to high concentrations can lead to adverse health effects. Therefore, in 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) published recommended limits for particulate matter fractions PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. In the doctoral dissertation of Alicja Skiba entitled „Seasonal variability of air pollution sources in Kraków during the period of 2018-2019, based on analyses of chemical and isotopic composition”, the sources of particulate matter in a major urban center – Krakow, were studied. Two particulate matter fractions (PM1 and PM10) were analyzed, with daily samples collected between April 21, 2018, and March 19, 2019. These samples underwent the following analyses: ion chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, thermo-optical analysis of OC/EC, and mass spectrometry (AMS and IRMS). The results were interpreted using methods such as positive matrix factorization (PMF). The application of PMF revealed five emission sources: coal and biomass(solid fuel) combustion, secondary inorganic aerosols, road emissions, soil matter, industry and other unidentified sources. The results showed significant variability in emissions from coal and biomass combustion between the heating and non-heating seasons (a substantial increase from several percent to as much as 41%). Industrial emissions exhibited a relatively stable contribution throughout the year, ranging from approximately 14% to 24%, depending on the fraction and season.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

jakość powietrza; zanieczyszczenie powietrza; smog; Kraków; pył zawieszony

EN

air quality; air pollution; smog; Krakow; particulate matter

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
• Czasopismo: Wiadomości Chemiczne
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: [Z] 79, 1-2
• Strony: 101--117
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 19 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Skiba Alicja

• AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7346-8267

autor

Styszko Katarzyna

• AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0092-3772

autor

Samek Lucyna

• AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8636-2771

autor

Gorczyca Zbigniew

• AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-4589

autor

Zimnoch Mirosław

• AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-9376

autor

Różański Kazimierz

• AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4704-0379

Bibliografia

• [1] C. Zhu, K. Maharajan, K. Liu, Y. Zhang, Environ. Res. 2021, 198, 111281.
• [2] H. Li, J. E. Hart, S. Mahalingaiah, R. C. Nethery, E. Bertone-Johnson, F. Laden, Environ. Pollut., 2021, 269, 116216.
• [3] J. Oh, S. Ye, D.-H. Kang, E. Ha, Environ. Res. 2022, 212, 113080.
• [4] WHO global air quality guidelines. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
• [5] M. Li, Y. Feng, K. Wang, W. F. Yong, L. Yu, T. S. Chung, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2017, 51, 10041.
• [6] A. Skiba, “Seasonal variability of air pollution sources in Kraków during the period of 2018-2019, based on analyses of chemical and isotopic composition,” AGH University of Krakow, 2022.
• [7] Urząd Statystyczny w Krakowie, “Statystyczne Vademecum Samorządowca” Kraków, 2020.
• [8] D. Matuszko, "Climate of Krakow in the 20th century". Krakow: Institute of Geography and Spatial Management of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 2007.
• [9] A. Bokwa, "Wieloletnie zmiany struktury mezoklimatu miasta na przykładzie Krakowa". Kraków: Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2010.
• [10] A. Bokwa, Acta Geogr. Lodz. 2019, 108, 2019.
• [11] www.digitel-ag.com
• [12] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 Fundamentals and User Guide,” Washington, 2014.
• [13] P. Paatero, U. Tapper, Environmetrics, 1994, 5, 111.
• [14] Y. Zhang, R. J. Sheesley, M. Bae, J. J. Schauer, Atmos. Environ, 2009, 43, 4951.
• [15] J. C. Chow, D. H. Lowenthal, L. W. A. Chen, X. Wang, J. G. Watson, Air Qual. Atmos. Health, 2015, 8, 243.
• [16] C. A. Belis, F. Karagulian, B. R. Larsen, P. K. Hopke, Atmos. Environ, 2013, 69, 94. [17] M. Zimnoch, L. Samek, L. Furman, K. Styszko, A. Skiba, Z. Gorczyca, M. Galkowski, K. Rozanski, E. Konduracka, Sustainability, 2020, 12,1.
• [18] Parliament of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, "Uchwała Nr XVIII/243/16 w sprawie wprowadzenia na obszarze Gminy Miejskiej Kraków ograniczeń w zakresie eksploatacji instalacji, w których następuje spalanie paliw", nr 243, 2016.
• [19] Parliament of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship, "Uchwała NR LIX/842/22 Sejmiku Województwa Małopolskiego z dnia 26 września 2022 roku w sprawie zmiany uchwały Nr XXXII/452/17 Sejmiku Województwa Małopolskiego z dnia 23 stycznia 2017r.", nr 6497. 2022.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).