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The low back pain risks in a beef skinning operation at a high stand kill floor workstation was evaluated. The increases in compressive forces at lower back (L5/S1) between normal slump (back angle 25°, measured in the sagittal plane) and severe (45°) and between normal slump and very severe (70°) bent back postures were 387 N or 28% and 616 N or 45%, respectively. The high spine load coupled with high level of repetition can have a high probability of fatigue failure in the spine structural members. Non-neutral back posture for a large portion of the total work time can be a low back pain risk factor. The videotape analysis showed that the times involved during the task performance for the bent back (more than 25°) and severe bent back (more than 45°) were 48.4 and 33.5% of the total cycle time, respectively. The upper limit from OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System) for bent back posture is 30% of the total cycle time. The bent and twisted back posture (both more than 25°) time was 10.4% compared to OWAS limit of 5%. This indicated that actions are needed in the near future to alleviate the risk of low back pain. Ergonomics redesign of the workstation was recommended for the operation.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
347--361
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 23 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
autor
- Department of Engineering Technology, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
Bibliografia
- 1.Andersson, G., Ortengren, R., & Herbert, P. (1977). Quantitative electromyographic studies of back muscle activity related to posture and loading. Orthopedic Clinic North America, 8, 85-96.
- 2.Brinckmann, P., Johannleweling, N., Kilweg, D., & Biggemann, M. (1987). Fatigue fracture of human lumber vertebrae. Clinical Biomechanics, 2, 94-96.
- 3.Burdorf, A., Govaert, G. & Elders, L. (1991). Postural load and back pain of workers in manufacturing of prefabricated concrete elements. Ergonomics, 34(1), 909-918.
- 4.Chaffin, D.B. (1973). Localized muscle fatigue- Definition and measurement. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 15, 346-354
- 5.Chaffin, D.B., & Andersson, G.B.J. (1991). Occupational biomechanics (2nd ed.). New York, NY, USA: Wiley.
- 6.Chaffin, D.B., & Park, K.S. (1973). A longitudinal study of low-back pain as associated with occupational weight lifting factors. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 34, 513-525.
- 7.Delleman, N.J., Drost, M.R., & Huson, A. (1992). Value of biomechanical macomodels as suitable tools for the prevention of work-related low back problems. Clinical Biomechanics, 7, 138-148.
- 8.Fish, D.R. (1978). Practical measurement of human postures and forces in lifting. In C.G. Drury (Ed.), Safety in manual material handling (pp. 72-77). Cincinnati, OH, USA: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
- 9.Jager, M., & Luttmann, A. (1989). Biomechanical analysis and assessment of lumber stress during load lifting using a dynamic 19-segment human model. Ergonomics, 32(1), 93-112.
- 10.Juul-Kristensen, B., Fallentin, N., & Ekdahl, C. (1997). Criteria for classification of posture in repetitive work by observation methods: A review. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 19, 397-411.
- 11.Genaidy, A.M., Al-Shedi, A., & Karwowski, W. (1994). Prostural stress analysis in industry. Applied Ergonomics, 25(2), 77-87.
- 12.Heinsalmi, P. (1986). Method to measure working posture loads at working sites (OWAS). In E.N. Corlett, J. Wilson, & I. Manenica (Eds.), The ergonomics of working postures. Models, methods and cases (pp. 100-104). London, UK: Taylor & Francis.
- 13.Keyserling, W.M. (1986). Postural analysis of the trunk and shoulders in simulated real time. Ergonomics, 4, 569-583.
- 14.Keyserling, W.M., Punnet, L., & Fine, L.J. (1988). Trunk posture and back pain: Identification and control of occupational risk factors. Applied Industrial Hygiene, 3(3), 87-92.
- 15.Karhu, O., Kansi, P., & Kourinka, I. (1977). Correcting working postures in industry: A practical method for analysis. Applied Ergonomics, 8(4), 199-201.
- 16.Kroemer, K., Kroemer, H., & Kroemer-Elbert, K.E. (1996). Ergonomics: How to design for ease and efficiency. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall.
- 17.McGill, S.M., & Norman, R.W. (1987). Reassessment of the role of intra-abdominal pressure in spinal compression. Ergonomics, 30(11), 1565-1588.
- 18.Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (1991). Ergonomics program management guidelines for meatpacking plants (OSHA 3123). Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (Reprinted).
- 19.Pinzke, S. (1992). A computerized method of observation used to demonstrate injurious work operations. In M. Mattila & W. Karwowski (Eds.), Computer applications in ergonomics, Safety and Health (pp. 359-364). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, North-Holland.
- 20.Punnett, L., Fine, L.J., & Keyserling, W.M. (1987). An epidemiologic study of postural risk factors for back disorders in industry. In P. Buckle (Ed.), Musculoskeletal disorders at work (p. 74). London, UK: Taylor & Francis.
- 21.Snook, S.H., & Ciriello, V.M. (1991). The design of manual material handling tasks: Revised tables of maximum acceptable weights and forces. Ergonomics, 34, 1197-1213.
- 22.Van der Beek, A.J., Van Galeen, L.C., & Frings-Dresen, M.H.W. (1992). Working postures and activities of lorry drivers: A reliability study of on-site observation and recording on a pocket computer. Applied Ergonomics, 23, 331-336.
- 23.Waters, T.R., & Putz-Anderson, V. (1996). Manual material handling. In A. Bhattacharya and J.D. McGlothlin (Eds.), Occupational ergonomics: Theory and applications (pp. 329-349). New York, NY, USA: Dekker.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-288abbcc-fde8-4891-b4f6-433e24ed18cd