Sejsmiczność, trzęsienia ziemi i lingwistyka

Senatorski, Piotr

doi:10.32045/PG-2023-042

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Sejsmiczność, trzęsienia ziemi i lingwistyka

Autorzy

Senatorski Piotr

Treść / Zawartość

Pełne teksty:

Senatorski_P_Sejsmiczność_P. Geof._Z. 3-4_2023.pdf

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.32045/PG-2023-042

Warianty tytułu

Seismicity, earthquakes and linguistics

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Ogólny mechanizm trzęsień ziemi jest znany od ponad stu lat. Gromadzone przez lata naprężenia wokół uskoku – efekt przesuwania się względem siebie i deformacji płyt tektonicznych – muszą co pewien czas zostać rozładowane poprzez poślizg wzdłuż tego uskoku. Jednak dokładniejszy obraz toczącego się w strefach sejsmicznych procesu zmienił się istotnie w ostatnich latach. Zamiast pojedynczych wstrząsów oraz prostego modelu cykli sejsmicznych, dostrzegamy coraz dokładniej całe spektrum wzajemnie powiązanych procesów i zjawisk, od powolnego pełzania uskoku, poprzez tzw. powolne i ciche trzęsienia ziemi, aż do gwałtownego poślizgu podczas typowych trzęsień ziemi. Wszystkie te zjawiska, związane są z poślizgiem wzdłuż uskoków, równoważą w dostatecznie długim czasie powolne, długookresowe przesuwanie się płyt względem siebie, napędzane przez ruchy konwekcyjne w płaszczu Ziemi. Współczesny obraz sejsmiczności dobrze ilustruje porównanie z lingwistyką: spójrzmy na zjawiska sejsmiczne jak na rozmowę w obcym języku, i starajmy się ten język zrozumieć.

The general mechanism of earthquakes has been known for over a hundred years. The stresses accumulated over the years around the fault – the effect of tectonic plates movement relative to each other and deforming – must be released from time to time by sliding along this fault. However, the more detailed picture of the process taking place in seismic zones has changed significantly in recent years. Instead of individual earthquakes and a simple model of seismic cycles, we see more and more clearly a whole spectrum of interrelated processes and phenomena, from slow fault creep, through the so-called slow and silent earthquakes, up to a violent slip during typical earthquakes. All these phenomena, related to slip along faults, balance for a long enough time the slow, long-term movement of the plates against each other, driven by convective motions in the Earth’s mantle. The contemporary image of seismicity is well illustrated by a comparison with linguistics: let’s look at seismic phenomena as if they were a conversation in a foreign language, and try to understand this language.

Słowa kluczowe

trzęsienia ziemi oddziaływania trzęsień ziemi powolny i szybki poślizg prognozowanie sejsmiczności uczenie maszynowe

earthquakes earthquake interactions slow and fast slip seismicity forecasting machine learning

Wydawca

Polskie Towarzystwa Geofizyczne
Komitet Geofizyki PAN

Czasopismo

Przegląd Geofizyczny

Rocznik

2023

Tom

Z. 3-4

Strony

185--197

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 45 poz. wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Senatorski Piotr

Instytut Geofizyki PAN, Zakład Geofizyki Teoretycznej

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-6355

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