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Warianty tytułu
Zamieszkiwalne hiperbaryczne obiekty podwodne: równowaga oddechowa w organizmie człowieka podczas adaptacji do hiperbarii azotowo-tlenowej
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
There were evaluated responses of the respiratory system to changes in the variables of the external environment under increased pressure. To the model of professional underwater human activity underwater served the conditions of full saturation in compressed air or nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures. Technical devices were presented by a number of underwater laboratories, mounted at the bottom (Ikhtiander-66, 67 and 68), hyperbaric chambers, submersible drilling rigs (Bur-1 and 2), and an autonomous diving Ikhtiander-2 for a long stay in the water. Studies of respiratory gases mass transport conditions in man showed than within the pressure range of 0.25-1.1 MPa at density of moderate hyperoxic and nitrogen-helio-oxygen environment up to 14 kg/m3 oxygen and carbon dioxide regimes of the organism come to a new functional level which provides the adaptation to the extremal conditions. It is determined that an increase of physiological dead breathing space, a decrease of the rate of the O2 diffusion through the alveole-capillary barrier, intensification of unevenness of ventilator-perfusional relations in lungs and an increase of blood shunting in lungs are the main respiratory mechanisms which regulate mass transfer of O2 and CO2 in man under hyperbaria. The leading hemodynamic mechanism is the retention of volume blood circulation and cardiac output. It is studied how the compression rate, high partial pressures of oxygen and nitrogen, microclimate parameters in inhabited hypebaric chambers influence changes of functional breathing system. Absence of hypoxic state is proved in man (full saturation of man with nitrogen) under normoxia in nitrogen-oxygen environment with the density 6.34 kg/m3. These are also the data about accelerated rehabilitation of divers using the method of active adaptation o high altitudes. Basic directions in physiological studies of functional breathing system under increased pressure of gas and water environment are described.
Eksperymenty polegały na ocenie reakcji układu oddechowego na zmiany zmiennych środowiska zewnętrznego pod zwiększonym ciśnieniem. Badania dotyczyły wpływu na organizm ludzki całkowitego nasycenia mieszanin sprężonego powietrza lub azotu i tlenu. Szereg laboratoriów podwodnych zaprezentowało różnego rodzaju urządzenia techniczne do stosowania w środowisku podwodnym (Ikhtiander-66, 67 i 68). Należą do nich: komory hiperbaryczne, wiertnice podwodne (Bur-1 i 2) oraz autonomiczny kombinezon nurkowy przeznaczony do długotrwałych pobytów w wodzie. Badania dotyczące warunków transportu masowego gazów oddechowych u człowieka wykazały, że w zakresie ciśnień 0,25-1,1 MPa, przy gęstościach środowiska umiarkowanie hiperoksyjnego i azotowo-heliotlenowego do 14 kg/m3 w reżimie tlenowym i dla poziomu dwutlenku węgla w organizmie, osiągają one nowy poziom funkcjonalny, który ułatwia adaptację do warunków ekstremalnych. Stwierdzono, że zwiększenie fizjologicznej martwej przestrzeni oddechowej, zmniejszenie szybkości dyfuzji O2 poprzez barierę pęcherzykowo-kapilarną, nasilenie nierównomierności relacji powietrzno-perfuzjalnych w płucach oraz wzrost przepływu krwi w płucach są głównymi mechanizmami oddechowymi regulującymi masowy transfer O2 i CO2 u człowieka w warunkach hiperbarii. Głównym mechanizmem hemodynamicznym jest utrzymanie odpowiedniego krążenia krwi i rzutu serca. Zbadano, w jaki sposób stopień sprężania, wysokie ciśnienia cząstkowe tlenu i azotu oraz parametry mikroklimatyczne w komorach hiperbarycznych wpływają na zmiany w rozwoju układu oddechowego. Brak stanu niedotlenienia u człowieka (pełne nasycenie człowieka azotem) wykazano w warunkach normoksji w środowisku azot-tlen o gęstości 6,34 kg/m3. Dane te dotyczą również przyspieszonej rehabilitacji nurków z zastosowaniem metody aktywnej adaptacji na dużych wysokościach. Opisano podstawowe kierunki badań fizjologicznych czynnościowych układów oddechowych w warunkach zwiększonego ciśnienia gazu i środowiska wodnego.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
93--118
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 48 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- A.A.Bogomolets Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 401601, Ukraine
autor
- Solel Boneh-Menorah M&E, Shikun&Binui, Tel Aviv, Israel
Bibliografia
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Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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