The investigation of soil–structure resonance of historical buildings using seismic refraction and ambient vibrations HVSR measurements: a case study from Trabzon in Turkey

Babacan, A. E.; Akın, Ö.

doi:10.1007/s11600-018-0208-0

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

The investigation of soil–structure resonance of historical buildings using seismic refraction and ambient vibrations HVSR measurements: a case study from Trabzon in Turkey

Autorzy

Babacan A. E. , Akın Ö.

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

https://www.springer.com/journal/11600

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s11600-018-0208-0

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

In this study, two different historical structures built in Trabzon have been processed by ambient vibrations and seismic refraction measurements. One of the investigated historical structures is the Atatürk Pavilion built in the nineteenth century, and the other one is Hagia Sophia which was built in the thirteenth century. These two buildings are among the most important historical buildings in Trabzon and are very important for the tourism of the city. In order to determine peak/s frequency and amplitude from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs), we have performed several measurements of ambient vibrations both inside (at different floors) and outside (on the ground) of structures. We have also conducted seismic prospecting to evaluate the vertical 1D and 2D profile of longitudinal and shear seismic waves, Vp and Vs, respectively. To this purpose, we have performed seismic refraction tomography and MASW. Ambient vibrations and seismic measurements were compared with each other. The results show that average predominant frequencies and HVSR amplitudes of inside and outside of Atatürk Pavilion are 4.0 Hz, 7.8 Hz and 2.6, 2.3, respectively. The Vp values vary from 300 to 2070 m/s, and the Vs for maximum effective depth is up to 790 m/s in Atatürk Pavilion. On the other hand, average predominant frequencies and HVSR amplitudes of inside and outside of Hagia Sophia and its tower are 4.7, 4.4 and 2.4 Hz and 1.6, 1.8 and 6.9, respectively. Vp values range from 450 to 2200 m/s, and Vs for maximum effective depth is also up to 1000 m/s in Hagia Sophia. The frequency values (F0 = Vs/4 h) calculated from the velocities up to the maximum effective depth for Atatürk Pavilion are in good agreement with the predominant frequency values determined from ambient vibrations. Atatürk Pavilion and Hagia Sophia soils have been classed according to Eurocode 8 by using VS30 values. The class was defined as “B.” Moreover, the bedrock in studied area is basalt. The high Vp and Vs values are also compatible with the lithology. The HVSR curves measured at the Hagia Sophia show the presence of clear peaks when compared to the Atatürk Pavilion. At the same time, there are marked velocity changes in the Vs sections calculated in both areas. As a result, in both areas there are significant impedance contrasts in the subsoil. However, this impedance contrast is more evident in Hagia Sophia. This could be also compatible with a lithological transition. The possible soil–structure interaction was investigated by using all the results and evaluated in terms of resonance risk. It is thought that the probability of resonance risk at Atatürk Pavilion is low according to the ambient vibrations measurements. However, resonance risk should be taken into consideration at Hagia Sophia site since the predominant frequency values are very close to each other. Finally, this site should be investigated in detail and necessary precautions should be taken against the risk of resonance.

Słowa kluczowe

historical structure ambient vibration seismic refraction tomography MASW

struktura historyczna wibracja otoczenia sejsmiczna tomografia refrakcyjna MASW

Wydawca

Instytut Geofizyki PAN
Springer

Czasopismo

Acta Geophysica

Rocznik

2018

Tom

Vol. 66, no. 6

Strony

1413--1433

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 52 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Babacan A. E.

a.babacan@ktu.edu.tr

Department of Geophysics Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey

autor

Akın Ö.

ozgencakin@ktu.edu.tr

Department of Geophysics Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey

Bibliografia

1. Akin O, Sayil N (2016) Site characterization using surface wave methods in the Arsin-Trabzon province, NE Turkey. Environ Earth Sci 75:72
2. Anbazhagan P, Sitharam TG, Vipin KS (2009) Site classification and estimation of surface level seismic hazard using geophysical data and probabilistic approach. J Appl Geophys 68:219–230
3. Arslan M, Tüysüz N, Korkmaz S, Kurt H (1997) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Eastern Pontide volcanic rocks, Northeast Turkey. Chem Erde 57:157–187
4. Arslan M, Kadir S, Abdioğlu E, Kolayli H (2006) Origin and formation of kaolin minerals in saprolite of Tertiary alkaline volcanic rocks Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Clay Miner 41:597–617
5. Azwin IN, Saad R, Nordiana M (2013) Applying the seismic refraction tomography for site characterization. In: 4th international conference on environmental science and development, ICESD 2013. APCBEE Procedia, vol 5, pp 227–231
6. Bard PY (1998) Microtremor measurements: a tool for site effect estimation? In: Second international symposium on the effects of surface geology on seismic motion. ESG98, Japan
7. Bektaş O, Yılmaz C, Taslı K, Akdağ K, Özgür S (1995) Cretaceous rifting of the Eastern Pontides carbonate platform (NE Turkey): the formation of the carbonate breccias and turbidites as evidence of a drowned platform. G Geol 57(1–2):233–244
8. Bishop TN, Bube KP, Cutler RT, Langan RT, Love PL, Resnick JR, Shuey RT, Spindler DA, Wyld HW (1985) Tomographic determination of velocity and depth in laterally varying media. Geophysics 50:903–923
9. Büyüksaraç A, Bektaş Ö, Yılmaz H, Arısoy MO (2013) Preliminary seismic microzonation of Sivas city (Turkey) using microtremor and refraction microtremor (ReMi) measurements. J Seismol 17:425–435
10. CEN (2003) prEN 1998-1-Eurocode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance—part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. Draft no. 6, Doc CEN/TC250/SC8/N335, Jan 2003, Brussels
11. Chatelain JL, Guillier B, Cara F, Duval AM, Atakan K, Bard PY (2008) Evaluation of the influence of experimental conditions on HVSR results from ambient noise recordings. Bull Earthq Eng 6:33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-007-9040-7
12. Eker AM (2009) Determination of the dynamic characteristics and local site conditions of the Plio–Quaternary sediments situated towards the North of Ankara through surface wave testing methods. Master thesis, The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University
13. Gedikoğlu A, Pelin S, Özsayar T (1979) The main lines of geotectonic development of the East Pontids in Mesozoic age. In: Proceeding of the 1st Geological Congress of the Middle East, pp 555–580
14. Geometrics Inc. (2009) SeisImager/2D software manual. http://www.geometrics.com. Accessed 1 Dec 2017
15. Geometrics Inc. (2016) SeisImager/SW-Pro manual
16. Gilbert P (1972) Iterative methods for the three-dimensional reconstruction of an object from projections. J Theor Biol 36:105–117
17. Gosar A, Rošer J, Motnikar BŠ, Zupancic P (2010) Microtremor study of site effects and soil–structure resonance in the city of Ljubljana (Central Slovenia). Bull Earthq Eng 8:571–592
18. Guillier B, Atakan K, Chatelain JL, Havskov J, Ohrnberger M, Cara F, Duval AM, Zacharopoulos S, Costa PT, Team TS (2008) Influence of instruments on the HVSR spectral ratios of ambient vibrations. Bull Earthq Eng 6:3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-007-9039-0
19. Güven İH (1993) Doğu Pontidlerin jeolojisi ve 1/250.000 ölçekli kompilasyonu. MTA Yayınları, Ankara, Turkiye (in Turkish)
20. Hadianfard MA, Rabiee R, Sarshad A (2017) Assessment of vulnerability and dynamic characteristics of a historical building using microtremor measurements. Int J Civ Eng 15:175–183
21. Hailemikael S, Milana G, Cara F, Vassallo M, Pischiutta M, Amoroso S, Bordoni P, Cantore L, Giulio GD, Naccio DD, Famiani D, Mercuri A (2017) Sub-surface characterization of the Amphiteatrum Flavium area (Rome, Italy) through single-station ambient vibration measurements. Ann Geophys 60:4
22. Hayashi K (2003) Data acquisition and analysis of active and passive surface wave methods. In: SAGEEP 2003, short course
23. Hayashi K (2008) Development of surface-wave methods and its application to site investigations. Phd thesis, Kyoto University
24. Hayashi K (2012) Analysis of surface-wave data including higher modes using the genetic algorithm. In: GeoCongress 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers, pp 2776–2785
25. Hayashi K, Takahashi T (2001) High resolution seismic refraction method using surface and borehole data for characterization of rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 38:807–813
26. Herak M (2011) Overview of recent ambient noise measurements in Croatia in free-field and in buildings. Geofizika 28:21–40
27. Junior SBL, Prado RL, Mendes RM (2012) Application of multichannel analysis of surface waves method (MASW) in an area susceptible to landslide at Ubatuba City, Brazil. Rev Bras Geofis 30(2):213–224
28. Kanai K, Tanaka AT (1961) On microtremors VII. Bull Earthq Res Inst 39:97–114
29. Konno K, Ohmachi T (1998) Ground-motion characteristics estimated from spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components. Bull Seismol Soc Am 88(1):228–241
30. Kržan M, Gostic S, Bosiljkov V (2015) Application of different in situ testing techniques and vulnerability assessment of Kolizej palace in Ljubljana. Bull Earthq Eng 13:389–410
31. Lehmann B (2007) Seismic traveltime tomography for engineering and exploration applications. EAGE Publications, Amsterdam
32. Nakamura Y (1989) A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of sub-surface using microtremor on the ground surface. Q Rep Railw Tech Res Inst 30(1):25–33
33. Pamuk E, Akgun M, Ozdag OC, Gonenc T (2017) 2D soil and engineering-seismic bedrock modeling of eastern part of Izmir inner bay/Turkey. J Appl Geophys 137:104–117
34. Park CB, Miller RD, Xia J (1999) Multi-channel analysis of surface waves. Geophysics 64(3):800–808
35. Pischiutta M, Villani F, D’Amico S, Vassallo M, Cara F, Di Naccio D, Farrugia D, Di Giulio G, Amoroso S, Cantore L, Mercuri A, Famiani D, Galea P, Akinci A, Rovelli A (2017) Results from shallow geophysical investigations in the northwestern sector of the island of Malta. Phys Chem Earth 98:41–48
36. Rahman MZ, Siddiqua S, Maksud Kamal ASM (2016) Shear wave velocity estimation of the near-surface materials of Chittagong City, Bangladesh for seismic site characterization. J Appl Geophys 134:210–225
37. SESAME (2004) Guidelines for the implementation of the HVSR spectral ratio technique on ambient vibrations: measurements, processing and interpretation. http://sesame-p5.obs.ujfgrenoble.fr/Delivrables/Del-D23HVUserGuidelines.pdf. Accessed 1 Jan 2018
38. Sharma PV (1997) Environmental and engineering geophysics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
39. Sheehan J, Doll W, Mandell W (2005) An evaluation of methods and available software for seismic refraction tomography analysis. J Environ Eng Geophys 10:21–34
40. Suzuki H, Yamanaka H (2010) Joint inversion using earthquake ground motion records and microtremor survey data to S-wave profile of deep sedimentary layers. BUTSURI-TANSA 65:215–227 (in Japanese)
41. Trupti S, Srinivas KNSSS, Kishore PP, Seshunarayana T (2012) Site characterization studies along coastal Andhra Pradesh—India using multichannel analysis of surface waves. J Appl Geophys 79:82–89
42. URL-1 (2017) http://www.koeri.boun.edu.tr/sismo/2/deprem-bilgileri/buyuk-depremler/Accessed 24 Oct 2017
43. URL-2 (2017) http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,103988/trabzon-ataturk-pavilion.html. Accessed 17 Oct 2017
44. URL-3 (2017) http://www.kulturvarliklari.gov.tr/TR,44047/trabzon-ataturk-kosku-muzesi.html. Accessed 17 Oct 2017
45. URL-4 (2012) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagia_Sophia,_Trabzon. Accessed 3 Apr 2012
46. URL-5 (2017) http://www.karadenizgezi.net/Trabzon_Ayasofya_Muzesi.htm. Accessed 17 Oct 2017
47. URL-6 (2018) http://www.geopsy.org/wiki/index.php/H/V_spectral_ratio#Window_selection
48. Wathelet M, Jongmans D, Ohrnberger M (2004) Surface wave inversion using a direct search algorithm and its application to ambient vibration measurements. Near Surf Geophys 2:211–221
49. Xia J (2014) Estimation of near-surface shear-wave velocities and quality factors using multichannel analysis of surface-wave methods. J Appl Geophys 103:140–151
50. Xia J, Miller RD, Park CB (1999) Estimation of near-surface shear-wave velocity by inversion of Rayleigh wave. Geophysics 64(3):691–700
51. Xia J, Miller RD, Park CB (2004) Utilization of high- frequency Rayleigh waves in near-surface geophysics. Lead Edge 23(8):753–759
52. Zhang J, Toksoz M (1998) Nonlinear refraction traveltime tomography. Geophysics 63(5):1726–1737

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-26e385d3-20fc-485a-9ec5-723ed4c4f791