The effect of heat input on tensile strength, Vickers hardness, and microstructure on DMW of AISI 1015 and 304L SS through the GMAW process

• Autorzy: Riswanda , Akhyar , Kadir H. , Sugianto , Saragih A. D.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0054.4920

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: This experiment was to evaluate the effect of heat input on tensile strength, Vickers hardness, and microstructural observations. Design/methodology/approach: The materials welded are AISI 1015 and 304L SS, and the joining process is Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). The filler electrode used is ER70S-6 with a diameter of 1.2 mm, and the workpiece size is 300 x 125 x 3 mm with a butt-joint connection. The variations in welding current applied are 120, 130, and 140 A. Meanwhile, the voltage and welding speed in the experiment were kept constant. Findings: The maximum tensile test index was 380.08 MPa, and the Vickers hardness index was 376.85 HV, with the maximum heat input being 0.5943 kJ/mm. The macro- and microstructure, as well as structural inspection of the welded joints, were observed in the experiment. The best heat input effect for the DMW technique between 304L SS and AISI 1015 is 0.5943 kJ/mm at a plate thickness of 3 mm. Research limitations/implications: Dissimilar Metal Welding (DMW) is widely applied in the power generation industry. Materials generally joined using the DMW technique are austenitic stainless steel (304L SS) and low carbon steel (AISI 1015). Practical implications: Using the proposed heat input approach is important for the dissimilar welding industry application to obtain the right product for its expected use. Originality/value: This paper presents the differences in heat input to reveal the weld properties by dissimilar welding processes, where the properties will be adapted for a particular use. Particularly in the application of dissimilar joints between 304L SS and AISI 1015 with a thickness of 3 mm, which requires an average tensile strength of around 380.08 MPa and an average yield strength of about 320.16 MPa, the heat input parameter can be recommended as 0.5943 kJ/mm.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

dissimilar metal welding; DMW; SS 304L; AISI 1015; heat input; tensile strength; Vickers hardness

• Wydawca: International OCSCO World Press
• Czasopismo: Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 123, nr 1
• Strony: 5--16
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 34 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Riswanda

• Mechanical Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ds. Ciwaruga, Kotak Pos 1234, Bandung 40012, Indonesia

autor

Akhyar

• Department of Mechanical Engineering, Univeritas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Syech Aburrauf No.7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2006-0126

autor

Kadir H.

• Mechanical Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ds. Ciwaruga, Kotak Pos 1234, Bandung 40012, Indonesia

autor

Sugianto

• Mechanical Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ds. Ciwaruga, Kotak Pos 1234, Bandung 40012, Indonesia

autor

Saragih A. D.

• Mechanical Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ds. Ciwaruga, Kotak Pos 1234, Bandung 40012, Indonesia

Bibliografia

• [1] M.-H. Park, B.-J. Jin, T.-J. Yun, J.-S. Son, C.-G. Kim, I.S. Kim, Control of the weld quality using welding parameters in a robotic welding process, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 87/1 (2018) 32-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0737
• [2] M. Türkan, Ö. Karakaş, The effect of welding defects to the tensile behavior in corrosive environment of AISI 304L stainless steel joined with shielded metal electrode, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 85/1 (2017) 26-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7986
• [3] P.T. Iswanto, H. Akhyar, A. Faqihudin, Effect of shot peening on microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance of AISI 316L, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 89/1 (2018) 19-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6668
• [4] B. Mvola, P. Kah, Effects of shielding gas control: welded joint properties in GMAW process optimization, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 88 (2017) 2369-2387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8936-2
• [5] Sugianto, Riswanda, K. Harlian,, Akhyar, Aminur, F. Arman, Numerical Simulation of Physical-Mechanical Properties Based on the Composition of GTAW Weld Metal Alloys with Dissimilar Base Metals, Key Engineering Materials 892 (2021) 150-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.892.150
• [6] E.W.R. Widodo, V.A. Setyowati, Suheni, I. Qiromi, Variations in Types of Welding Tenders and Current Strength in Welding Dissimilar Metals in 304L Stainless Steel and AISI 1040 Steel Materials with Gas Tungsten Arc Welding, Proceedings of the National Seminar on Applied Science and Technology, Adhi Tama Institute of Technology Surabaya, 2018, 327-332 (in Indonesian).
• [7] Y. Huang, J. Huang, J. Zhang, X. Yu, Q. Li, Z. Wang, D. Fan, Microstructure and corrosion characterization of weld metal in stainless steel and low carbon steel joint under different heat input, Materials Today Communications 29 (2021) 102948. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102948
• [8] B. Mvola, P. Kah, J. Martikainen, R. Suoranta, State- of-the-art of advanced gas metal arc welding processes: Dissimilar metal welding, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 229/10 (2015) 1694-1710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0954405414538630
• [9] P. Mayr, C. Schlacher, J.A. Siefert, J.D. Parker, Microstructural features, mechanical properties and high temperature failures of ferritic to ferritic dissimilar welds, International Materials Reviews 64/1 (2019) 1-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2017.1410943
• [10] H. Ahluwalia, Combating plate corrosion. Improving corrosion resistance through welding, fabrication methods, The Fabricator, 2003. Available from: https://www.thefabricator.com/thefabricator/article/metalsmaterials/combating-plate-corrosion
• [11] K. Monika, M. Bala Chennaiah, P. Nanda Kumar, K. Prahalada Rao, The Effect of Heat Input on the Mechanical Properties of MIG Welded Dissimilar Joints, International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology 2/9 (2013) 1406-1413.
• [12] Akhyar, A. Tamlicha, A. Farhan, Azwinur, Syukran, T.A. Fadhilah, T. Firsa, R.A. Raja Ghazilla, Evaluation of Welding Distortion and Hardness in the A36 Steel Plate Joints Using Different Cooling Media, Sustainability 14/3 (2022) 1405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031405
• [13] S. Kumar, A.S. Shahi, Effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded AISI 304 stainless steel joints, Materials and Design 32/6 (2011) 3617-3623. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.02.017
• [14] G.R. Mohammed, M. Ishak, S.N. Aqida, H.A. Abdulhadi, Effects of Heat Input on Microstructure, Corrosion and Mechanical Characteristics of Welded Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels: A Review. Metals 7/2 (2017) 39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/met7020039
• [15] Md.M. Husain, R. Sarkar, T.K. Pal, N. Prabhu, M. Ghosh, Friction Stir Welding of Steel: Heat Input, Microstructure, and Mechanical Property Co-relation, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 24 (2015) 3673-3683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1652-5
• [16] J. Zhang, W. Xin, G. Luo, R. Wang, Q. Meng, Significant Influence of Welding Heat Input on the Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of the Simulated CGHAZ in High Nitrogen V-Alloyed Steel, High Temperature Materials and Processes 39/1 (2020) 33-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2020-0003
• [17] S.A. Rizvi, M. Ahamad, Effect Heat Input on the microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Welded Joint – A Review, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research 13/6 (2018) 184-188.
• [18] H. Wibowo, M.N. Ilman, P.T. Iswanto, Analysis of Welding Heat Input on Distortion, Microstructure and Mechanical Strength of A36 Steel, Journal of Mechanical Engineering ‒ Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 7/1 (2016) 5-12 (in Indonesian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2016.007.01.2
• [19] U. Aulia, Akhyar, Evaluation of the roundness quality of galvanized steel plate due to variations in cutting speed and nozzle diameter during the laser cutting, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 118/2 (2023) 62-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7663
• [20] O.T. Ola, O.A. Ojo, M.C. Chaturvedi, On the development of a new pre-weld thermal treatment procedure for preventing heat-affected zone (HAZ) liquation cracking in nickel-base IN 738 superalloy, Philosophical Magazine 94/29 (2014) 3295-3316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2014.956838
• [21] A.E. Amer, M.Y. Koo, K.H. Lee, S.H. Kim, S.H. Hong, Effect of welding heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of simulated HAZ in Cu containing microalloyed steel, Journal of Materials Science 45 (2010) 1248-1254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-4074-7
• [22] T. Dorin, N. Stanford, A. Taylor, P. Hodgson, Effect of Cooling Rate on Phase Transformations in a High- Strength Low-Alloy Steel Studied from the Liquid Phase, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 46 (2015) 5561-5571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3173-0
• [23] ASTM E8/E8M-22, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, USA, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/E0008_E0008M-22
• [24] ASTM E3-95, Standard Practice for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, USA, 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/E0003-95
• [25] A. Wahyudianto, M.N. Ilman, P.T. Iswanto, Kusmono, Akhyar, The Effect of Tool Rotation Speed on Hardness, Tensile Strength, and Microstructure of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar AA5083 and AA6061-T6 Alloys, Key Engineering Materials 892 (2021) 159-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.892.159
• [26] Akhyar, P.T. Iswanto, V. Malau, Impact of pouring temperature on the mechanical properties of Al5.9Cu1.9Mg alloy, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 113/2 (2022) 49-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.7016
• [27] K. Pal, S.K. Pal, Effect of Pulse Parameters on Weld Quality in Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding: A Review, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 20 (2011) 918-931. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-010-9717-y
• [28] C. Sharma, D.K. Dwivedi, P. Kumar, Effect of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints of AA7039 aluminum alloy, Materials and Design (1980-2015) 36 (2012) 379-390. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.10.054
• [29] A.H. Lotfi, S. Nourouzi, Effect of Welding Parameters on Microstructure, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Friction-Stir Welded Joints of AA7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 45 (2014) 2792-2807. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2235-z
• [30] M. Aissani, S. Guessasma, A. Zitouni, R. Hamzaoui, D. Bassir, Y. Benkedda, Three-dimensional simulation of 304L steel TIG welding process: Contribution of the thermal flux, Applied Thermal Engineering 89 (2015) 822-832. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.06.035
• [31] R. Paventhan, D. Thirumalaikumarasamy, V.C. Kantumuchu, O.S. Ahmed, M. Abbas, A.A. Alahmadi, M. Alwetaishi, A.N. Alzaed, C.S. Ramachandran, Optimizing Friction Welding Parameters in AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel and Commercial Copper Dissimilar Joints, Coatings 13/2 (2023) 261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020261
• [32] M. Shome, Effect of heat-input on austenite grain size in the heat-affected zone of HSLA-100 steel, Materials Science and Engineering: A 445-446 (2007) 454-460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.085
• [33] S. Kumar, P. Kasyap, C. Pandey, B. Basu, S.K. Nath, Role of heat inputs on microstructure and mechanica properties in coarse-grained heat-affected zone of bainitic steel, CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 35 (2021) 724-734. DOI: https://doi.org/10.016/j.cirpj.2021.09.002
• [34] F. Shahid, A.A. Khan, M.S. Hameed, Mechanical and microstructure analysis of dissimilar metal weld, International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies 25/1 (2015) 6-14.