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Analiza rozkładu stężeń CO2 wewnątrz i na zewnątrz budynku niewielkiej kotłowni
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Analysis of the distribution of CO2 concentrations was performed for a water-and-steam boiler plant located in a detached building supplying thermal energy to a hospital. The boiler plant was equipped with two low-temperature boilers and one high-temperature steam boiler. The maximum thermal energy demand of the hospital was 4280, 3500 kW of which came from the hot-water boilers and the remaining 780 kW from the steam boiler. Due to the operating system there were no permanent job positions in the boiler plant. Servicing consisted only in the supervision, periodic adjustment and maintenance of the equipment. These kinds of working conditions release the employer from the necessity to perform tests and measurements of working conditions in such a building. On the other hand, continuous measurements are made because of the installation safety and emissions of pollutants into the environment. The article presents results of the measurements and analysis of the distribution of CO2 concentrations inside and outside a small boiler plant, due to which it was found that the level of carbon dioxide concentration did not depend on the ambient air temperature. The resulting values are similar regardless of whether the measurements were taken in December 2012 or April 2013. However, there is an evident impact of seasons on the concentrations in the indoor air associated primarily with the demand for heat during the given period, the stay of people in the workplace and the number of working devices.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
49--60
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 23 poz., wykr., il., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, al. Politechniki 6, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, phone +48 42 631 35 14, +48 42 631 35 21, fax +48 42 631 35 16
autor
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 175, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, phone +48 42 631 37 95, fax +48 42 636 81 33
autor
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 175, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, phone +48 42 631 37 95, fax +48 42 636 81 33
Bibliografia
- [1] Abdul-Wahab SA, En SCF, Elkamel A, Ahmadi L, Yetilmezsoy K. A review of standards and guidelines set by international bodies for the parameters of indoor air quality. Atmos Pollut Res. 2015;6(5):751-767. DOI: 10.5094/APR.2015.084.
- [2] Wolkoff P. Indoor air pollutants in office environments: Assessment of comfort, health, and performance. Int J Hyg Envir Heal. 2013;216(4):371-394. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.08.001.
- [3] Ramalho O, Wyart G, Mandin C, Blondeau P, Cabanes PA, Leclerc N, et al. Association of carbon dioxide with indoor air pollutants and exceedance of health guideline values. Build Environ. 2015;93(1):115-124. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.03.018.
- [4] Cichowicz R, Wielgosiński G. Effect of meteorological conditions and building location on CO2 concentration in the university campus. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2015;22(4):513-525. DOI: 10.1515/eces-2015-0030.
- [5] Budzynowski J, Cembala P. Wentylacja pomieszczeń kotłowni - przepisy i rzeczywistość. (Ventilation of boiler rooms - regulations and reality). Stowarzyszenie Kominy Polskie (Polish Chimneys Association). http://www.kominypolskie.com.pl/pdf/SKP_Budzynowski_wentylacja.pdf.
- [6] Gall ET, Nazaroff WW. New directions: Potential climate and productivity benefits from CO2 capture in commercial buildings. Atmos Environ. 2015;103:378-380. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.004.
- [7] Harper P. Assessment of the major hazard potential of carbon dioxide (CO2). Health and Safety Executive (HSE). 2006;11:1-28. http://www.hse.gov.uk/carboncapture/assets/docs/major-hazard-potential-carbon-dioxide.pdf.
- [8] Jones AP. Indoor air quality and health. Atmos Environ. 1999;33(28):4535-4564. DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00272-1.
- [9] Ustawa Prawo Ochrony Środowiska (Environmental Protection Law). DzU 2001, nr 62, poz. 627. http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20010620627.
- [10] Skrzypski J. Analiza i modelowanie pól immisji zanieczyszczeń powietrza w dużych miastach na przykładzie Łodzi. (Analysis and modeling of immission fields of air pollutants in large cities on the example of Lodz). Łódź: Polish Academy of Science, Branch in Łodz; 2002.
- [11] Nemitz E, Hargreaves KJ, McDonald AG, Dorsey JR, Fowler D. Micrometeorological measurements of the urban heat budget and CO2 emissions on a city scale. Environ Sci Technol. 2002;36(14):3139-3146. DOI: 10.1021/es010277e.
- [12] Gurney KR, Razlivanov I, Song Y, Zhou Y, Benes B, Massih MA. Quantification of fossil fuel CO2 emissions on the building/street scale for a large U.S. city. Environ Sci Technol. 2012;46(21):12194-12202. DOI: 10.1021/es3011282.
- [13] Burgos S, Ruiz P, Koifman R. Changes to indoor air quality as a result of relocating families from slums to public housing. Atmos Environ. 2013;70:179-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.044.
- [14] Saha S, Guha A, Roy S. Experimental and computational investigation of indoor air quality inside several community kitchens in a large campus. Build Environ. 2012;52:177-190. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.10.015.
- [15] Cichowicz R, Wielgosiński G. Effect of urban traffic on the immission of carbon dioxide in the university campus. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2015;22(2):189-200. DOI: 10.1515/eces-2015-0010.
- [16] Wells EM, Berges M, Metcalf M, Kinsella A, Foreman K, Dearborn DG, et al. Indoor air quality and occupant comfort in homes with deep versus conventional energy efficiency renovations. Build Environ. 2015;93(2):331-338. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.06.021.
- [17] Jin W, Zhang N, He J. Experimental study on the influence of a ventilated window for indoor air quality and indoor thermal environment. Procedia Eng. 2015;121:217-224. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.1058.
- [18] McGill G, Oyedele LO, McAllister K. Case study investigation of indoor air quality in mechanically ventilated and naturally ventilated UK social housing. Int J Sust Built Environ. 2015;4(1):58-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsbe.2015.03.002.
- [19] Kukania V, Palmer J. The effect of external atmospheric pollution on indoor air quality: A pilot study. Energ Buildings. 1998;27(3):223-230. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(97)00044-3.
- [20] Apte MG, Fisk WJ, Daisey JM. Indoor carbon dioxide concentrations and SBS in office workers. Proc Healthy Buildings. 2000;1:133. http://eetd.lbl.gov/ied/viaq/pubs/LBNL-45019.pdf.
- [21] Google Earth version 7.1.2.2041.
- [22] Pollution S.p.A: Catalogue card of micro-chromatograph VEGA GC (DI-EN0022-1 VegaGC).
- [23] http://freemeteo.com/
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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