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Warianty tytułu
The largest terrorist organizations in the world : the characteristics of the risk - modus ponens
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Although in recent years increased the number of attacks carried out by the so-called lone wolves, contemporary terrorist threats are still based on organizational structures that have not only national but also international scope, the number of members of which ranges from several to even several thousand terrorists. It should be emphasized that terrorist organizations are involved in operations all over the world. Although the vast majority of them operate in the Middle East and North Africa, terrorist incidents also occur regularly in other regions, including Europe. The modus operandi of individual groups is rather similar. Still, it is worth paying attention to their ideology, the way they achieve their goals, as well as the support they receive from various institutions and countries. A detailed analysis of contemporary terrorist organizations is also the first step in combating them. Therefore, the issues raised will constitute the basis for further research on the phenomenon of the proliferation of terrorism, and will also be used to develop methods and tools as part of anti-terrorist strategies.
Chociaż w ostatnich latach wzrosła liczba ataków przeprowadzanych przez tzw. samotne wilki, współczesne zagrożenia terrorystyczne opierają się nadal na strukturach organizacyjnych posiadających zasięg nie tylko krajowy, lecz także międzynarodowy, których liczba członków liczy od kilku do nawet kilku tysięcy. Należy podkreślić, że organizacje terrorystyczne są zaangażowane w operacje na całym świecie. Mimo iż w zdecydowanej większości działają na Bliskim Wschodzie i w Afryce Północnej, to regularnie dochodzi do incydentów terrorystycznych w innych regionach, także w Europie. Modus operandi poszczególnych grup jest raczej podobny, niemniej jednak warto zwrócić uwagę na ich ideologię, sposób realizacji założonych celów, a także otrzymywane wsparcie od różnych instytucji i państw. Szczegółowa analiza współczesnych organizacji terrorystycznych jest jednocześnie pierwszym etapem do ich zwalczania. Podejmowana problematyka będzie stanowić zatem podstawę do dalszych badań nad zjawiskiem rozrostu terroryzmu, a ponadto posłuży do opracowania metod i narzędzi w ramach strategii antyterrorystycznych.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
57--74
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 28 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Instytut Nowej Europy, Warszawa, Polska
autor
- Instytut Nowej Europy, Warszawa, Polska
Bibliografia
- Agence France-Presse, At least 110 dead in Nigeria after suspected Boko Haram attack, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/29/nigeria-attack-boko-haram-farm-workers-killed,(dostęp: 11.12.2020).
- Al. Jazeera, US hits Iran IRGC with sanctions over support of Yemen’s Houthis,https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/05/23/us-hits-iran-irgc-with-sanctions-over-support-ofyemens-houthis, (dostęp: 15.12.2020).
- Azani E., The Hybrid Terrorist Organization: Hezbollah as a Case Study, in Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 36:11 (2013) ss. 899-916.
- Bajoria J., Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure) (aka Lashkar e-Tayyiba, Lashkar e-Toiba; Lashkar-i-Taiba), Council on Foreign Relations, New York 2010.
- Cafarella J., Jabat al-Nusra in Syria: An Islamic Emirate for Al-Qaeda, Middle East Security Report, 25, 2014.
- Center for Strategic & International Studies, The Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) from an Iraqi View – a Lost Role or a Bright Future? https://www.csis.org/analysis/iranian-islamic-revolutionaryguard-corps-irgc-iraqi-view-%E2%80%93-lost-role-or-bright-future, (dostęp: 14.12.2020).
- Center on Sanctions & Illicit Finance, Al-Qaeda’s Branch in Syria: Financial Assessment, Washington, Foundation for Defense of Democracies, 2017.
- Congressional Research Service, Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress, Washington 2010.
- Congressional Research Service, The Islamic State and U.S. Policy, Washington 2018.
- Council on Foreign Relations, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/palestinian-islamicjihad, (dostęp: 05.12.2020).
- Counter Extremism Project, Kata’ib Hezbollah, https://www.counterextremism.com/threat/kata%E2%80%99ibhezbollah, (dostęp: 05.11.2020).
- Counter Extremist Project, Taliban, https://www.counterextremism.com/threat/taliban, (dostęp: 07.12.2020).
- European Commission, Security Union: A Counter-Terrorism Agenda and stronger Europol to boostthe EU's resilience, Brussels, 9 December 2020.
- European Parliament, The Financing of the ‘Islamic State’ in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs, Belgium 2017.
- FATF, Financing of the Terrorist Organisation Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), FATF/OECD, Paris 2015.
- Foundation for Defense of Democracies, Kataib Hezbollah: Background and Analysis, 2018.
- Gergin N., Duru H., Çetin H., Profile and Life Span of the PKK Guerillas, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 38:3, (2015) ss. 219-232.
- Global Conflict Tracker, Boko Haram in Nigeria, https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/boko-haramnigeria, (dostęp: 11.12.2020)
- Malakoutikhah Z., Iran: Sponsoring or Combating Terrorism?, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 43, (2020), ss. 913-939.
- Middle East Institute, Hezbollah’s Evolution: From Lebanese Militia to Regional Player, Washington 2017/
- Palestinian public opinion and terrorism: A two-way street?, Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 10, (2015), ss. 71-87.
- Reed A., Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent, The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism, The Hague 2016, ss. 3-17.
- Semple M., Rhetoric, Ideology and Organizational Structure of the Taliban Movement, United States Institute of Peace, Washington 2014.
- Stanford University, Mapping Militant Organizations, https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgibin/pages/definitions, (dostęp: 05.12.2020).
- Tankel S., Laskar-e-Taiba: From 9/11 to Mumbai, London 2009, s. 5.
- The Wall Street Journal, 5 Things to Know About the Houthis of Yemen, https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-263B3613, (dostęp: 14.12.2020)
- Tim S., Is al-Qaeda's leader dead? Report claims terror chief Ayman al-Zawahiri has died in Afghanistan from 'asthma-related breathing issues’, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8970231/Al-Qaedasleader-Ayman-al-Zawahiri-died-reports-claim.html, (dostęp: 10.12.2020).
- United Against Nuclear Iran, Kata’ib Hezbollah, https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/report/kataibhezbollah (dostęp: 05.11.2020).
- Uslu E., Turkey’s Kurdish Problem: Steps Toward a Solution, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 30:2, (2007), ss. 157-172.
- Wiegand K. E., Reformation of a Terrorist Group: Hezbollah as a Lebanese Political Party, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32 (2009) ss. 669-680.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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