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Abstrakty
The coup de fouet phenomenon (crack of the whip) is a dip in the discharge voltage observable during the first minutes of the discharge period of a lead acid battery, followed by a transient recovery. This leads to the formation of an interim plateau transforming later into a typical discharge curve characteristic of a galvanic cell. The phenomenon was considered as a basis for a state-of-health (SoH) assessment, where the depth of the dip was used to measure the battery’s SoH. However, the validation process showed the two variables lacked clear correlation, mandating a revision of this approach. Therefore an attempt to correlate certain aging processes to the behavior of the cell of interest associated with the presence of the coup de fouet phenomenon was attempted for a set of diverse lead-acid battery designs. A set of estimators based on the coup de fouet was devised and their relation to the aging processes was explored and described. The research led to the conclusion that there is a direct relation between the coup de fouet and sulfation. This relation is best defined by Δ τplateau - the time taken between the voltage reaching the lowest point of the dip and then reaching the highest observable plateau voltage.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
112--126
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 25 poz., fot., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inogranic Chemistry, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inogranic Chemistry, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inogranic Chemistry, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inogranic Chemistry, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inogranic Chemistry, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inogranic Chemistry, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Smith, C. (1980) Storage Batteries. Third Edition, Pitman Publishing Limited.
- 2. Ruiz V., D.P.F. (2018) Standards for the performance and durability assessment of electric vehicle batteries - Possible performance criteria for an Ecodesign Regulation.
- 3. (2006) Study of the “coup de fouet” of lead-acid cells as a function of their state-of-charge and state-of-health. Journal of Power Sources, 158.
- 4. Laman, C.S.C.B.; F.C. (2000) Battery State of Health Estimation Through Coup De Fouet. INTELEC. Twenty-Second International Telecommunications Energy Conference.
- 5. Anbuky A. H., Pascoe P. E., Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd. U.S. Patent 6,924,622 B1, 2005.
- 6. Delaille A., Perrin M., COMMISSARI ATA LENERGIE ATOMIQUE, U.S. Patent 2009/0072788A1, 2009.
- 7. Delaille A., Perrin M., Commissariata Lenergie Atomique, U.S. Patent 8,536,836 B2, 213.
- 8. David Linden, T.B.R. (2002) Handbook of Batteries. Third Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional.
- 9. Henry A. Catherino, F.T., Fred F. Feres (2004) Sulfation in lead-acid batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 129.
- 10. Berndt, D. (1997) Maintenance-free Batteries: Lead-acid, Nickel/cadmium, Nickel/metal Hydride: a Handbook of Battery Technology, Second ed., Vol. 3, Power Sources Technology, Research Studies Press and John Wiley & Sons.
- 11. Pavlov, D. (2011) Lead-Acid Batteries: Science and Technology, Elsevier B.V.
- 12. E. Hameenoja, G.S., T. Laitinen (1987) The formation of soluble Pb(IV) and Pb(II) species in the reactions of the PbSO4/PbO2 electrode. Electrochemica Acta, 32.
- 13. M Perrin, A.D. (2009) Coup de Fouet, Elsevier B.V.
- 14. Phillip E. Pascoe, A.H.A. (2002) The behaviour of the coup de fouet of valve-regulated lead–acid batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 111.
- 15. Oliveira, M.C.L. C.P. de (2004) Early stages of the lead-acid battery discharge. Journal of Power Sources, 138.
- 16. Moritz Huck, D.-U.S. (2020) Modeling transient processes in lead-acid batteries in the time domain. Journal of Power Sources, 29.
- 17. Kurzweil, P. (2010) Gaston Plant´e and his invention of the lead-acid battery-The genesis of the first practical rechargeable battery. Journal of Power Sources, 195.
- 18 .D. Pavlov, B.M., A. Kirchev (2005) Mechanism of the oxygen cycle reactions proceeding at the negative plates of VRLA batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 144.
- 19. (2001) The role of recombination catalysts in VRLA cells. Journal of Power Sources, 95.
- 20. Kais Brik, F. ben A. (2013) Causal tree analysis of depth degradation of the lead acid battery. Journal of Power Sources, 228.
- 21. (2014) “Stratifiability index” A quantitative assessment of acid stratification in flooded lead acid batteries. Journal of Power Sources, 269.
- 22. (2016) Effects of surfactants on sulfation of negative active material in lead acid battery under PSOC condition. Journal of Power Sources, 7.
- 23. (2007) Charging performance of automotive batteries - An underestimated factor influencing life-time and reliable battery operation. Journal of Power Sources, 168.
- 24. (2016) State of health determination of sealed lead acid batteries under various operating conditions. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 18.
- 25. Moritz Huck, D.U.S., Julia Badeda (2015) Modeling the crystal distribution of lead-sulfate in lead-acid batteries with 3D spatial resolution. Journal of Power Sources, 279.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-24815b26-dc6f-4b47-9734-9563ce3f1f41