Energy poverty, institutional quality, and environmental degradation in Pakistan: a time series empirical analysis

• Autorzy: Khan Muhammad Kamran , Kazak Jan K. , Balakrishnan Rajani

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.34659/eis.2025.94.3.1101

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Pakistan, as a developing country, faces an energy crisis that encourages the use of traditional energy sources at both the household and industrial levels. Pakistan aims to achieve the SDG target (2030) as per the UN SDG target. This study aims to examine the impact of energy poverty, poverty, income inequality, energy consumption, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, economic growth, institutional quality, and energy prices on environmental degradation in Pakistan, and verify the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and the pollution haven hypothesis. A dynamic ARDL simulation model is used to predict the impact of independent (Positive and negative shocks) variables on the dependent variable through graphs. The findings of the dynamic ARDL simulation model reveal that energy poverty, globalisation, poverty, economic growth, FDI inflows, and income inequality in Pakistan increase environmental degradation, while the consumption of renewable energy and institutional quality help to reduce environmental degradation. Furthermore, the EKC and pollution-haven hypotheses are valid in Pakistan. This study supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, advocating affordable clean energy policies to combat energy poverty and promote sustainability in Pakistan, as well as SDG 13, emphasising climate action to ensure both environmental protection and continued economic investment. Considering the SDG targets (2030), policy recommendations are proposed for Pakistan to achieve sustainable development.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

energy poverty; poverty; SDG goals; institutional quality; globalisation; environmental degradation

PL

ubóstwo energetyczne; ubóstwo; cele zrównoważonego rozwoju; jakość instytucjonalna; globalizacja; degradacja środowiska

• Wydawca: Polskie Stowarzyszenie Ekonomistów Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych
• Czasopismo: Economics and Environment
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: No. 3
• Strony: art. no. 1101
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 57 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Khan Muhammad Kamran

• Department of Systems Research, Faculty of Spatial Management and Landscape Architecture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7687-0382

autor

Kazak Jan K.

• Department of Systems Research, Faculty of Spatial Management and Landscape Architecture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida Street 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
• Faculty of Social Work & Education, The Hague University of Applied Sciences

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-9954

autor

Balakrishnan Rajani

• Faculty of Business and Communication, INTI International University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0467-2053

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