Multivariate statistical analysis and geospatial approach for evaluating hydro geochemical characteristics of meltwater from Shaune Garang glacier, Himachal Pradesh, India

Kumar, Ramesh; Kumar, Rajesh; Bhardwaj, Anshuman; Singh, Atar; Singh, Shaktiman; Kumari, Anupma; Sinha, Ravindra Kumar

doi:10.1007/s11600-022-00844-1

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Tytuł artykułu

Multivariate statistical analysis and geospatial approach for evaluating hydro geochemical characteristics of meltwater from Shaune Garang glacier, Himachal Pradesh, India

Autorzy

Kumar Ramesh , Kumar Rajesh , Bhardwaj Anshuman , Singh Atar , Singh Shaktiman , Kumari Anupma , Sinha Ravindra Kumar

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

https://www.springer.com/journal/11600

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s11600-022-00844-1

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

The study focuses on the hydro-geochemistry of Shaune Garang glacier’s meltwater concerning glacial geomorphology. Seventy-nine water samples (53 in 2016 and 26 in 2017) of ablation season were analysed. The cations were dominant in the order Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺, and the anions in the order HCO^3- > SO4 ^2- > Cl^- > NO3^-. The result demonstrated that HCO3 ^- were the abundant ions, accounting for 41.03 and 34.84% of the total ionic budget (TZ). The high ionic proportions of (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺) versus TZ⁺ and (Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺) versus (Na⁺ + K⁺) were identified as the primary factors influencing dissolved ion chemistry in meltwater. Piper diagram shows that Ca²⁺–HCO₃^- type water is the most common, followed by Mg²⁺–HCO₃^-. In addition, a remote sensing approach has been used to find the possible source of the chemical constituents in the meltwater. The catchment geology has been mapped on various scales, including diverse rocks and unconsolidated surface materials containing “quartz and carbonate minerals”. Layered silicates (LS) and “hydroxyl-bearing minerals” are not as common as they used to be, but their availability varies greatly in the area where they are found. The distribution of LS minerals within the catchment are majorly found at lower altitudes, which implies the weathering mechanism due to the interaction of meltwater and parental rock. Multivariate analysis revealed that CO₃ and SiO₃ weathering, sulphate dissolution, and pyrite oxidation dominate dissolved ion concentrations. Chemometric analysis of meltwater hydro-geochemistry through principal component analysis explains 72.1% of the total variance of four PCs. PCs 1, 2, 3, and 4 explain 39.21%, 12.91%, 10.24%, and 9.74% of variance, respectively, in 2016. Similarly, in 2017, four PCs explain 69.91% of the total variance. PC 1, 2, 3, and 4 can explain 26.62%, 20.12%, 12.64%, and 10.52% of variance.

Słowa kluczowe

hydrogeochemistry geological mapping chemometric analysis Shaune Garang glacier hydroxyl-bearing minerals

hydrogeochemia mapowanie geologiczne analiza chemometryczna lodowiec Shaune Garang minerały zawierające grupy hydroksylowe

Wydawca

Instytut Geofizyki PAN
Springer

Czasopismo

Acta Geophysica

Rocznik

2023

Tom

Vol. 71, no. 1

Strony

323--339

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 70 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kumar Ramesh

Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, India

autor

Kumar Rajesh

rajesh.kumar@curaj.ac.in

Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, India

autor

Bhardwaj Anshuman

School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK

autor

Singh Atar

Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindri, Ajmer, India

autor

Singh Shaktiman

School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK

autor

Kumari Anupma

Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, India

autor

Sinha Ravindra Kumar

Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, India

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