Lost Norian fluvial tracks : Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic coarse-grained deposits in Kamienica Śląska (Upper Silesia, southern Poland)

• Autorzy: Fijałkowska-Mader Anna , Paszkowski Mariusz , Kędzior Artur , Jewuła Karol

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.14241/asgp.2022.11

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In the Triassic-Jurassic boundary profiles of the Upper Silesian region, there are locally developed coarse clastic deposits, commonly known as the Połomia Gravels, Połomia Beds or “Połomia Formation’’ (informal name). Due to the lack of reliable stratigraphic tools, the chronostratigraphic position of these deposits remains one of the most controversial aspects of the Triassic-Jurassic lithostratigraphy in the region. Sparse biostratigraphic data from the overlying and underlying deposits indicate a wide range of ages, from the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic. This paper presents the results of sedimentological, petrographical and palynological analyses of the coarse-grained deposits from the Kamienica Śląska gravel pit, which is currently one of the biggest facilities of this type in Upper Silesia. The outcrop section, with a total thickness of up to 20 m, is dominated by friable, light grey to beige and locally dark grey, large-scale planar to trough cross-stratified conglomerates and coarse-grained sandstones with subordinate thin interbeds of grey and reddish brown mudstones. Three facies associations have been distinguished, representing a main channel belt, secondary channels and floodplains subenvironments. Facies analysis points to a braided river tract with localised floodplain sediments. The grain composition of the Kamienica Śląska gravel/conglomerate is less diversified than that of the polymictic typical Połomia Beds of the Myszków area and resembles oligomictic conglomerates known from the Grabowa Formation of the Norian age and/or conglomerates of the Gorzów Beds of Rhaetian age, which also occur on the studied region. Palynological analysis of mudstone interbeds within the conglomeratic deposits shows the presence of miospores guiding and characteristic for subzone c of the Corollina meyeriana zone of the late Norian-early Rhaetian age. The appearance of the coarse-grained deposits in late Norian could be associated with the development of a long-reach braided fluvial tract, draining the S and SE part of the Sudetian-Malopolska-Lublin land (S-M-L land) in response to the tectonic rearrangement in the source area and gradual climatic change from semi-arid to humid in the Rhaetian.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Upper Norian-lower Rhaetian; braided river alluvium; facies analysis; sedimentology; palynology; regional correlation

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
• Czasopismo: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 92, No. 3
• Strony: 277--293
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 63 poz., fot., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Fijałkowska-Mader Anna

• Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Holy Cross Mts. Branch, Zgoda 21, PL-25-953 Kielce, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2601-725X

autor

Paszkowski Mariusz

• Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Centre in Kraków, Senacka 1, PL-31-002 Kraków, Poland

autor

Kędzior Artur

• Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Centre in Kraków, Senacka 1, PL-31-002 Kraków, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-8600

autor

Jewuła Karol

• Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Centre in Kraków, Senacka 1, PL-31-002 Kraków, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4018-150X

Bibliografia

• 1. Bodzioch, A. & Kowal-Linka, M., 2012. Unraveling the origin of the Late Triassic multitaxic bone accumulation at Krasiejów (S Poland) by diagenetic analysis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 346-347: 25-36.
• 2. Brański, P., 2014. Climatic disaster at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary - a clay minerals and major elements record from the Polish Basin. Geological Quarterly, 58: 291-310.
• 3. Bridge, J. S., 2003. Rivers and Floodplains: Forms, Processes, and Sedimentary Record. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, 491 pp.
• 4. Cirilli, S., 2010. Upper Triassic-lowermost Jurassic palynology and palynostratigraphy: a review. In: Lucas, S. G. (ed.), The Triassic Time Scale. Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 334: 285-314.
• 5. Dadlez, R., Marek, S. & Pokorski, J., 2000. Mapa geologiczna Polski bez utworów kenozoiku 1:1 000 000. Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny. Warszawa. [In Polish.]
• 6. Deczkowski, Z., 1962. Lias stratigraphy and lithology in the Kalisz-Częstochowa area. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 6: 50-71. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 7. Deczkowski, Z., 1997. Noryk i retyk. Formalne i nieformalne jednostki litostratygraficzne. In: Marek, S. & Pajchlowa, M. (eds), The Epicontinental Permian and Mesozoic in Poland. Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 153: 1-184. [In Polish, with English title.]
• 8. Deczkowski, Z. & Daniec, J., 1981. Rudy żelaza. In: Wiegomas, L. (ed.), Surowce Mineralne Województwa Częstochowskiego. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne. Warszawa, pp. 102-115. [In Polish.]
• 9. Deczkowski, Z. & Franczyk, M., 1988. Paleomiąższość, litofacje i paleotektonika noryku i retyku na Niżu Polskim. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 32: 93-104. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 10. Feist-Burkhardt, S., Gotz, A. E., Szulc, J., Aigner, T., Borkhataria, R., Geluk, M., Haas, J., Hornung, J., Jordan, P., Kempf, O., Michalik. J., Nawrocki, J., Reinhardt, L., Ricken, W., Rohling, H. G., Ruffer, T., Torok, A. & Zuhlke, R., 2008. Triassic. In: McCann, T. (ed.), The Geology of Central Europe. The Geological Society, London, pp. 749-821.
• 11. Fijałkowska-Mader, A., Heunisch, C. & Szulc, J., 2015. Palynostratigraphy and palynofacies of the Upper Silesian Keuper (southern Poland). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 85: 637-661.
• 12. Fijałkowska-Mader, A., Jewuła, K. & Bodor, E., 2021. Record of the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the Polish microflora. Palaeoworld, 30: 106-125.
• 13. Fijałkowska-Mader, A. & Paszkowski, M., 2016. Palynostratigraphy of the Połomia Formation (southern Poland). In: Szydło, A., Krobicki, M. & Granoszewski, W. (eds), 17th Czech-Slovak-Polish Palaeontological Conference, Kraków 20-21 October 2016, Abstract Volume, Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute, Warszawa, p. 38.
• 14. Georgiev, G. & Botoucharov, N., 2007. Are there Middle Jurassic contourites in the Tarnovo depression (Southern Moesian platform margin)? Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 276: 283-298.
• 15. Gruszka, B. & Zieliński, T., 2008. Evidence for a very low-energy fluvial system: a case study from the dinosaur-bearing Upper Triassic rocks of Southern Poland. Geological Quarterly, 62: 415-432.
• 16. Harms, J. C., Southard, J. B. & Walker, R. G., 1982. Structures and Sequences in Clastic Rocks. Lecture Notes, SEPM Short Course, 9. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Tulsa, 250 pp.
• 17. Huynh, T. T. & Poulsen, C. J., 2005. Rising atmospheric CO2 as a possible trigger for the end-Triassic mass extinction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 217: 223-242.
• 18. Jakubowski, Z., 1977. Lower Jurassic sedimentation history of Cracow-Wieluń Upland and stratigraphic position of coarse clastic deposits. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 47: 585-604. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 19. Jewuła, K., 2021. Depositional Environments and Facies Architecture of the Upper Permian-Lower Triassic and Upper Triassic Continental Successions in the SE Margin of Central European Basin (Holy Cross Mountains and Upper Silesia). PhD Thesis, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, 165 pp.
• 20. Jewuła, K., Matysik, M., Paszkowski, M. & Szulc, J., 2019. The Late Triassic development of playa-gilgai environments from Upper Silesia, southern Poland. Sedimentary Geology, 379: 25-45.
• 21. Kędzior, A. & Popa, M. E., 2018. An early Jurassic braided river system from Mehadia, south Carpathians, Romania. Geological Quarterly, 62: 415-432.
• 22. Kędzior, A., Widera, M. & Zieliński, T., 2021. Ancient and modern anastomosing rivers: insights from sedimentological and geomorphological case studies of the Triassic, Neogene and Holocene of Poland. Geological Quarterly, 65: 54, https://doi. org/10.7306/gq.1623
• 23. Konieczna, N., Belka, Z. & Dopieralska, J., 2015. Nd and Sr isotopic evidence for provenance of clastic material of the Upper Triassic rocks of Silesia, Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 85: 675-684.
• 24. Kopik, J., 1998. Lower and Middle Jurassic of the north-eastern margin of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 378: 67-120. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 25. Kowal-Linka, M., Jastrzębski, M., Krzemińska, E. & Czupyt, Z., 2022. The importance of parameter selection in studies of detrital zircon provenance: An example from Mesozoic deposits of the Bohemian Massif foreland (Poland). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 599: 487-501.
• 26. Kowal-Linka, M., Krzemińska, E. & Czupyt, Z., 2019. The youngest detrital zircons from the Upper Triassic Lipie Śląskie (Lisowice) continental deposits (Poland): Implications for the maximum depositional age of the Lisowice bone-bearing horizon. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 514: 487-501.
• 27. Koppen, A., 1997. Faziesentwicklung in der fuhen Obertrias Mitlleleuropas - ein sequenzstratigraphischer Vergleich. Gaea Heidelbergensis, 2: 1233.
• 28. Kutzbach, J. E., 1994. Idealized Pangean climates: Sensitivity to orbital change. In: Klein, G. D. (ed.), Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics, and Sedimentation During Accretion, Zenith, and Breakup of a Supercontinent. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 288: 41-55.
• 29. Kutzbach, J. E. & Gallimore, R. G., 1989. Pangaean climates: megamonsoons of the megacontinent. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94: 3341-3357.
• 30. Kurschner, W. M. & Herngreen, G. F. W., 2010. Triassic palynology of central and northwestern Europe: a review of palynological diversity patterns and biostratigraphic subdivisions. In: Lucas, S. G. (ed.), The Triassic Time Scale. Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 334: 263-283.
• 31. Marcinkiewicz, T., 1957. Megaspores of the Lias from Praszka, Zawiercie and Święty Krzyż Mountains. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 1: 299-302. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 32. Marcinkiewicz, T., 1960. Megaspore analysis of Jurassic sediments near Gorzów Śląski - Praszka (Cracow-Wieluń region). Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 4: 713-733. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 33. Marcinkiewicz, T., 1971. The stratigraphy of the Rhaetian and Lias in Poland based on megaspore investigations. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego, 65: 5-57. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 34. Marcinkiewicz, T., Orłowska, T. & Rogalska, M., 1960. Age of the Upper Helenów Beds (Lias) in view of mega- and microspore investigations (geological section Gorzów Śląski-Praszka). Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 4: 386-398. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 35. Miall, A. D., 1978. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in braided river deposits: a summary. In: Miall, E. D. (ed.), Fluvial Sedimentology. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 5: 597-604.
• 36. Miall, A. D., 1996. The Geology of Fluvial Deposits: Sedimentary Facies, Basin Analysis and Petroleum Geology. Springer- Verlag, Berlin, 582 pp.
• 37. Morawska, A., 1997. The Lubliniec fracture zone: boundary of the Upper Silesian and Małopolska massifs, southern Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 67: 429-437.
• 38. Mossoczy, Z., 1961. New stratigraphical division of Lias in northern part of the Cracov-Częstochowa Jura. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 5: 81-100. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 39. Nanson, G. C. & Knighton, A. D., 1996. Anabranching rivers: their cause, character and classification. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 21: 217-239.
• 40. Nemec, W., 1992. Depositional controls on plant growth and peat accumulation in a braidplain delta environment: Helvetiafjellet Formation (Barremian-Aptian), Svalbard. In: McCabe, P. J. & Parrish, J. T. (eds), Controls on the Distribution and Quality of Cretaceous Coals. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 267: 209-226.
• 41. Nita, J. & Nita, M., 2014. The geological values of the Woźniki municipality (Southern Poland). Acta Geographica Silesiana, 17: 49-62. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 42. Orłowska-Zwolińska, T., 1983. Palynostratigraphy of the Upper part of Triassic epicontinental sediments in Poland. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego, 104: 5-89. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 43. Orłowska-Zwolińska, T., 1985. Palynological zones of the Polish Epicontinental Triassic. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Earth Sciences, 33: 107-119.
• 44. Oszczypko, N., Uchman, A. & Bubniak, I., 2012. Foreland provenance of thick conglomerates in the early stage of Carpathian Foredeep development: the case of the Sloboda Conglomerate (Lower Miocene), western Ukraine. Geological Quarterly, 56: 789-802.
• 45. Pieńkowski, G., Niedźwiedzki, G. & Brański, P., 2014. Climatic reversals related to the Central Atlantic magmatic province caused the end-Triassic biotic crisis - Evidence from continental strata in Poland. In: Keller, G. & Kerr, C. A. (eds), Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 505: 263-286.
• 46. Reinhardt, L. & Ricken, W., 2000. The stratigraphic and geochemical record of Playa Cycles: monitoring a Pangaean monsoon-like system (Triassic, Middle Keuper, S. Germany). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 161: 205-227.
• 47. Retallack, G. J., 2008. Soils of the Past: An Introduction to Paleopedology. 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, London, 552 pp.
• 48. Rogalska, M., 1954. Spore and pollen analysis of the brown coal of the region of the so-called Blanowice Coal in Upper Silesia. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego, 89: 5-46. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 49. Rogalska, M., 1962. Spore and pollen grain analysis of Jurassic sediments in the northern part of the Cracow-Wieluń Cuesta. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego, 30: 495-507. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 50. Ruhl, M., Bonis, R. N., Reichart, G. J., Sinninghe Damste, J. S. & Kurschner, W. M., 2011. Atmospheric carbon injection linked to end-Triassic mass extinction. Science, 333: 430-434.
• 51. Stan, A. L. & Raileanu, A., 2003. Permian-Jurassic tectonic and depositional control on oil fields in the Central Moesian Platform, Romania. AAPG Search and Discovery Article #10046, DOI: 10.13140/2.1.2927.3608
• 52. Szulc, J., 2000. Middle Triassic evolution of the northern Peri-Tethys area as influenced by early opening of the Tethys Ocean. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 70: 1-48.
• 53. Szulc, J., 2005. Sedimentary environments of the vertebrate-bearing Norian deposits from Krasiejów, Upper Silesia (Poland). Hallesches Jahrbuch der Geowissenschaften, B19: 161-170.
• 54. Szulc, J., 2007. Keuper. In: Szulc, J. & Becker, A. (eds), Fieldtrip Guide, International Workshop on the Triassic of Southern Poland. Polish Geological Society, Kraków, pp. 33-41.
• 55. Szulc, J., Gradziński, M., Lewandowska, A. & Heunisch, C., 2006. The Upper Triassic crenogenic limestones in Upper Silesia (southern Poland) and their paleoenvironmen- tal context. In: Alonso-Zarza, A. M. & Tanner, L. H. (eds), Paleoenvironmental Record and Applications of Calcretes and Palustrine Carbonates. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 416: 133-151.
• 56. Szulc, J. & Racki, G., 2015. The Grabowa Formation - the basic lithostratigraphic unit of the Keuper of Silesia. Przegląd Geologiczny, 63: 103-113. [In Polish, with English abstract.]
• 57. Szulc, J., Racki, G. & Jewuła, K., 2015a. Key aspects of the stratigraphy of the Upper Silesian Middle Keuper, southern Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 85: 557-586.
• 58. Szulc, J., Racki, G., Jewuła, K. & Środoń, J., 2015b. How many Upper Triassic bone-bearing levels are there in Upper Silesia (southern Poland)? A critical overview of stratigraphy and facies. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 85: 587-627.
• 59. Środoń, J., Szulc, J., Anczkiewicz, A., Jewuła, K., Banaś, M. & Marynowski, L., 2014. Weathering, sedimentary, and diagenetic controls of mineral and geochemical characteristics of the vertebrate-bearing Silesian Keuper. Clay Minerals, 49: 569-594.
• 60. Unrug, R. & Calikowski, A., 1960. Sedimentation and petrology of the Połomia Beds. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologicznego, 30: 129-168. [In Polish, with English summary.]
• 61. Visscher, H. & van der Zwan, C. J., 1981. Palynology of the Circum-Mediterranean Triassic: phytogeographical and palaeoclimatological implications. Geologische Rundschau, 70: 625-634.
• 62. Whalen, L., Gazel, E., Vidito, C., Puffer, J., Bizimis, M., Henika, W. & Caddick, M. J., 2015. Supercontinental inheritance and its influence on supercontinental breakup: The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and the breakup of Pangea. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16: 3532-3554.
• 63. Znosko, J., 1955. Rhaetic and Lias between Cracow and Wieluń. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego, 14: 5-145. [In Polish, with English summary.]

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2024)