Estimation of global liquefied natural gas use by sea-going ships

• Autorzy: Chłopińska Ewelina , Tatesiuk Jakub , Śnieg Jakub

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17402/466

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Environmental pollution is a growing concern for many organizations, commissions, state governments, and companies. The use of fossil fuels in transportation contributes significantly to increased emissions of harmful sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Maritime transport, as one of the largest emitters of such harmful compounds, has encountered many emission restrictions and legal limitations. These include the creation of areas of strict exhaust gas control (ECA). According to the MARPOL Convention, Annex VI, Special Emission Control Areas have been in force since 01.01.2015, and they include the following areas: the Baltic Sea, North Sea, North America (covering the designated coasts of the USA and Canada and portions of the Caribbean Sea near the USA). According to current regulations, vessels providing services in ECAs are required to maintain sulphur oxide emissions that do not exceed 0.1%. The introduction of new regulations results in costs that have to be covered by shipowners. To meet these standards, the two most popular methods are the use of special flushing systems (scrubbers) and low-sulphur fuels (e.g., LNG). This publication addresses the use of LNG as fuel for the main propulsion of sea-going vessels operating in areas covered by strict sulphur emission controls. It also presents LNG demand forecasts for various ship types, as well as possible solutions satisfying the Sulphur Directive. The purpose of this paper is to present a way to determine the size of the global demand for LNG. The percentage of vessels powered by LNG and other fuels was used as a basis for estimating global LNG demand in shipping until 2030.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

liquefied natural gas; LNG-powered ships; demand; SECA areas; bunker fuel; forecast

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: nr 66 (138)
• Strony: 28--33
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Chłopińska Ewelina

• Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Navigation 1-2 Wały Chrobrego St., 70-500 Szczecin, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-1764

autor

Tatesiuk Jakub

• Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Navigation 1-2 Wały Chrobrego St., 70-500 Szczecin, Poland

autor

Śnieg Jakub

• Maritime University of Szczecin, Faculty of Navigation 1-2 Wały Chrobrego St., 70-500 Szczecin, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Bielski, J. (2005) Rozwój globalnego handlu gazem LNG. Już nie tylko Azja. Nafta & Gaz Biznes 04–05.2005.
• 2. Blenkey, N. (2019) Alfa Laval marks tenth anniversary of first Pure SOx scrubber installation. [Online] 30 January. Available from: https://www.marinelog.com/ shipping/environment/alfa-laval-marks-tenth-anniversary-of-first-puresox-scrubber-installation [Accessed: July 03, 2020].
• 3. Chłopińska, E. & Gucma, M. (2018) The impact of a liquefied natural gas terminal on the gas distribution and bunkering network in Poland. Scientific Journals of the Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie 53 (125), pp. 154–160.
• 4. DNV GL (2018) Data of DNV GL.
• 5. Grzelak, S. (2015) Liquefied Natural Gas – a Strategic Fuel. Poland’s Security with Regard to Gas Fuels. Kontrola Państwowa 60, 6 (365), pp. 133–145.
• 6. Gu, Y., Wallace, S.W. & Wang, X. (2018) Integrated maritime fuel management with stochastic fuel prices and new emission regulations. Journal of the Operational Research Society 70, 5, pp. 707–725.
• 7. Herdzik, J. (2015) Uwagi dotyczące metod skraplania gazu ziemnego w przemyśle wydobywczym. Logistyka 3, pp. 1808–1814.
• 8. IFC (2016) Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Facilities. IFC report.
• 9. IGU (2016) World LNG Report. Norwegia.
• 10. IMO (2004) The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78).
• 11. IMO (2014) Data of IMO.
• 12. Kalski, M., Nagy, S., Rychlicki, S., Siemek, J. & Szulej, A. (2010) Gaz ziemny w Polsce – wydobycie, zużycie i import do roku 2030. Górnictwo i ekologia 5, 3, pp. 27–40.
• 13. MAN Diesel & Turbo (2012) Costs and Benefits of LNG as Ship Fuel for Container Vessels. Denmark.
• 14. Matczak, M. (2015) Wykorzystanie LNG jako paliwa żeglugowego na Morzu Bałtyckim – przesłanki stosowania, kierunki rozwoju oraz formy wsparcia. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Problemy Transportu i Logistyki 30, pp. 73–85.
• 15. Molenda, J. (1996) Gaz ziemny. Paliwo i surowiec. 2nd Edition. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowo-Techniczne.
• 16. Olmer, N., Comer, B., Roy, B., Mao, X. & Rutherford, D. (2017) Greenhouse gas emissions from global shipping, 2013–2015. ICCT.
• 17. Paulauskas, V., Henesey, L., Paulauskas, D., Ronkaitytė, I., Gerlitz, L., Jankowski, S. & Canepa, M. (2018) LNG Bunkering Stations Location Optimization on Basis Graph Theory. Proceedings of 22nd International Scientific Conference. Transport Means 2018, pp. 660–664.
• 18. Zaleska-Bartosz, J. & Klimek, P. (2011) Łańcuch dostaw skroplonego gazu ziemnego – aspekty ekologiczne. Nafta – Gaz 10, pp. 724–728.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).