Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
A variety of labels and tools for assessing and comparing cities
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Wzrasta zainteresowanie miejską jakością życia, a wraz z nim rozwijane są przeróżne etykiety miast oraz narzędzia służące do oceny obszarów urbanistycznych. Szczególnym zainteresowaniem cieszy się tzw. benchmarking, w tym ranking miast wyłaniający najlepsze i najgorsze miejsca do życia. W tym artykule zaprezentowano autorski przegląd różnorodnych etykiet miast wraz z ich charakterystyką, obejmujący miasto do życia, miasto zrównoważone, miasto smart, miasto cyfrowe, miasto odporne, miasto zdrowe, miasto przyjazne dla osób starszych, a także miasto 15-minutowe. Omówiono ponadto urbanistyczne narzędzia oceny wraz z ich klasyfikacją według typu instrumentu oceny, podejścia dotyczącego rozwijania wskaźników oceny, typu analizy porównawczej opartej na badanym obszarze oraz sposobu przeprowadzenia analizy porównawczej. Wskazano na istotne różnice występujące między narzędziami. Etykiety miast oraz dostępne instrumenty z kryteriami oceny mogą stanowić punkt wyjścia dla rekomendacji projektowych, mających na celu zwiększanie jakości życia mieszkańców miast. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi część rozprawy doktorskiej autorki pt. Analiza wybranych narzędzi do ewaluacji jakości życia w mieście w kontekście zmian społeczno demograficznych.
Interest in urban quality of life is growing, and with it, various city categories and tools for assessing urban areas are being developed. Of particular interest is so-called benchmarking, including city ranking, which identifies the best and worst places to live. The following article presents the author's overview of various city labels with their characteristics, including the liveable city, the sustainable city, the smart city, the digital city, the resilient city, the healthy city, the age-friendly city and the 15-minute city. In addition, urban assessment tools are discussed along with their classification according to the type of assessment instrument, the approach regarding the development of assessment indicators, the type of comparative analysis based on the study area, and how the comparative analysis is carried out. Significant differences found between the tools are pointed out. The labels of the cities and the available instruments with evaluation criteria can provide a starting point for design recommendations aimed at increasing the quality of life of city dwellers. This article is part of the author's doctoral dissertation entitled „The analyses of selected appraisal instruments for assessing the quality of life in city taking into account the sociodemographic context".
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
347--357
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 34 poz., rys.
Twórcy
- Politechnika Poznańska, Wydział Architektury, Instytut Architektury Urbanistyki i Ochrony Dziedzictwa
Bibliografia
- 1. Acuto M., Pejic D., Briggs J., 2021, Taking City Rankings Seriously: Engaging with Benchmarking Practices in Global Urbanism, „International Journal of Urban and Regional Research”, vol. 45(2), pp. 363-377, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12974.
- 2. Allwinkle S., Cruickshank P., 2011, Creating Smart-er Cities: An Overview, „Journal of Urban Technology”, vol. 18(2), pp. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2011.601103.
- 3. ARUP, 2019, Cities Alive. Designing for ageing communities.
- 4. Brugmann J., 1997, Is there a method in our measurement? The use of indicators in local sustainable development planning, „Local Environment”, vol. 2(1), pp. 59-72, https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13549839708725512.
- 5. Caragliu A., Del Bo C., Nijkamp P., 2009, Smart Cities in Europe. VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics, „Serie Research Memoranda”, vol. 18, https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2011.601117.
- 6. de Jong M., 2015, Sustainable–smart–resilient–low carbon–eco–knowledge cities; making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization, “Journal of Cleaner Production”, vol. 109, pp. 25-38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.004.
- 7. de Leeuw E., 2017, Healthy Cities are back! (They were never gone), „Health Promotion International”, vol. 32(4), pp. 606-609, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dax041.
- 8. Garau C., Pavan V.M., 2018, Evaluating Urban Quality: Indicators and Assessment Tools for Smart Sustainable Cities, „Sustainability”, vol. 10(3), https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030575.
- 9. Giffinger R., 2007, Smart cities – Ranking of European medium-sized cities, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna.
- 10. Grupp H., Mogee M., 2004, Indicators for national science and technology policy: How robust are composite indicators?, „Research Policy”, vol. 33, pp. 1373-1384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2004.09.007.
- 11. Huggins R., 2003, Creating a UK Competitiveness Index: Regional and Local Benchmarking, „Regional Studies”, vol. 37, pp. 89-96, https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340022000033420.
- 12. Kaplan R.S., Norton D.P., 1992, The Balanced Scorecard – Measures that Drive Performance, “Harvard Business Review”, https://hbr.org/1992/01/the-balanced-scorecard-measures-that-drive-performance-2 (dostęp: 21.01.2023).
- 13. Kitchin R., Lauriault T.P., McArdle G., 2015, Knowing and governing cities through urban indicators, city benchmarking and real-time dashboards, „Regional Studies, Regional Science”, vol. 2(1), pp. 6-28, https://doi.org/10.1080/21681376.2014.983149
- 14. Lee J.H., Phaal R., Lee S.-H., 2013, An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development, „Technological Forecasting and Social Change”, vol. 80(2), pp. 286-306, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.09.020.
- 15. Leichenko R., 2011, Climate change and urban resilience, "Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability”, vol. 3(3), pp. 164-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2010.12.014.
- 16. Longbottom D., 2000, Benchmarking in the UK: An empirical study of practitioners and academics, “Benchmarking: An International Journal”, vol. 7(2), pp. 98-117, https://doi.org/10.1108/14635770010322324.
- 17. Lowe M. et al., 2015, Planning Healthy, Liveable and Sustainable Cities: How Can Indicators Inform Policy?, „Urban Policy and Research”, vol. 33, pp. 1-14, https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2014.1002606.
- 18. Luque Martínez T., Muñoz-Leiva F., 2005, City benchmarking: A methodological proposal referring specifically to Granada, Cities, vol. 22, pp. 411-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2005.07.008.
- 19. Meadows D., 1999, Indicators and Information Systems for Sustainable Development, in: The Earthscan Reader in Sustainable Cities, Routledge.
- 20. Mittal S., Chadchan J., Mishra S., 2020, Review of Concepts, Tools and Indices for the Assessment of Urban Quality of Life, „Social Indicators Research”, vol. 149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02232-7.
- 21. Moreno C. et al., 2021, Introducing the „15-minute city”: Sustainability, resilience and place identity in future post-pandemic cities, „Smart Cities”, vol. 4(1), pp. 93-111, https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010006.
- 22. Newton P.W., 2012, Liveable and sustainable? Socio-technical challenges for twenty-first-century cities, „Journal of Urban Technology”, vol. 19(1), pp. 81-102, https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2012.626703.
- 23. Ptak-Wojciechowska A., 2023, Analiza wybranych narzędzi do ewaluacji jakości życia w mieście w kontekście zmian społeczno-demograficznych, praca doktorska, Politechnika Poznańska.
- 24. Rethinking, 2023, https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/know-your-architects/a343-10-most-memorable-quotes-by-jan-gehl-the-humanist-architect/ (dostęp: 21.01.2023).
- 25. Rogers R., 2008, Cities for a small planet, Boulder, Basic Books.
- 26. Roy M., 2009, Planning for sustainable urbanisation in fast growing cities: Mitigation and adaptation issues addressed in Dhaka, Bangladesh, „Habitat International”, vol. 33(3), pp. 276-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2008.10.022.
- 27. Schraven D., Joss S., de Jong M., 2021, Past, present, future: Engagement with sustainable urban development through 35 city labels in the scientific literature 1990-2019, „Journal of Cleaner Production”, vol. 292, p. 125924, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125924.
- 28. Van den Besselaar P., Beckers D., 1998, „Demographics and Sociographics of the Digital City", p. 124, https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49247-X_8.
- 29. Van den Besselaar P., Melis I., Beckers D., 2000, Digital Cities: Organization, Content, and Use, in: Digital Cities, eds. T. Ishida, K. Isbister, Springer, pp. 18-32.
- 30. Weng M., 2019, The 15-minute walkable neighborhoods: Measurement, social inequalities and implications for building healthy communities in urban China, „Journal of Transport & Health”, vol. 13, pp. 259-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.05.005.
- 31. Willsher K. 2020, Paris mayor unveils „15-minute city” plan in re-election campaign, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/07/paris-mayor-unveils-15-minute-city-plan-in-re-election-campaign (dostęp: 22.01.2023).
- 32. World Health Organization, 2007, Global age-friendly cities: A guide.
- 33. World Health Organization, 2013, Health 2020: A European policy framework supporting action across government and society for health and well-being (short version), https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/131300 (dostęp: 22.01.2023).
- 34. World Health Organization, 2020, Healthy Cities Effective Approach to a Changing World
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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