Tytuł artykułu
Treść / Zawartość
Pełne teksty:
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
With the rapid advancement of digital processors, filters have been commonly implemented using microcomputers. In this study, a low-cost and compact Arduino Uno development board was used to realize digital lead and lag compensators. Arduino boards are very affordable. Consequently, they were investigated to see if they were capable of preserving the frequency response of continuous-time compensators. The experiments required a set of equipment including a function generator, an Arduino Uno development board, a PC-based oscilloscope, and a laptop. The signal frequency was varied from 0 to 500 Hz. Two discretization methods were employed, namely bilinear transformation and matched pole-zero mapping. The results showed that an Arduino Uno board can be utilized to implement lead and lag compensators to some extent. The discrete-time compensator preserved the capability of filtering out certain frequencies. The change in DC gain was negligible, however, there was a significant difference in the cut-off frequency and transient slope. For both discretization methods, the frequency responses at high frequency experienced a rippling profile.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
937--950
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 42 poz., rys., tab., wz.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Satya Wacana Christian University Jl. Diponegoro 52-60 Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia 50711
autor
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Satya Wacana Christian University Jl. Diponegoro 52-60 Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia 50711
autor
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Satya Wacana Christian University Jl. Diponegoro 52-60 Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia 50711
Bibliografia
- [1] Ogata K., Modern control engineering, 5th ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp. 309–330 (2010).
- [2] Tavazoei M. S., Kakhki M. T., Compensation by fractional-order phase-lead/lag compensators, IET Control Theory and Applications, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 319–329 (2014).
- [3] Zanasi R., Cuoghi S., Ntogramatzidis L., Analytical and graphical design of lead–lag compensators, International Journal of Control, vol. 84, no. 11, pp. 1830–1846 (2011).
- [4] Liu J.J.R., Lam J., Xie X., Shu Z., Generalized lead-lag H∞ compensators for MIMO linear systems, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (2020), DOI: 10.1109/TSMC.2019.2960583.
- [5] Dong Y., Extreme value condition of stabilizing lead/lag region, in Proc. of 2nd International Conference on Informatics, Control and Automation, Hangzhou, pp. 371–376 (2019).
- [6] Zanasi R., Cuoghi S., Direct method for digital lead-lag design: analytical and graphical solutions, in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, Trieste, pp. 804–809 (2011).
- [7] Abo-Hammour Z.S., Saaideh M.I., Alkayyali M., Khasawneh H.J., Optimal design of lead compensator using nature-inspired algorithms, in Proc. of IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Amman, pp. 40–45 (2019).
- [8] Monjengue D., Design and simulation of model-free lag-lead controller for DC motor speed control, International Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 83–89 (2019).
- [9] Kennedy H., Recursive digital filters with tunable lag and lead characteristics for proportional differential control, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2369–2374 (2015).
- [10] Ates A., Alagoz B. B., Kavuran G., Yeroglu C., Implementation of fractional order filters discretized by modified fractional order Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization, Measurement, vol. 107, pp. 153–164 (2017).
- [11] Abdulkhader H. K., Jacob J., Matthew A. T., Fractional-order lead-lag compensator-based multi-band power system stabiliser design using a hybrid dynamic GA-PSO algorithm, IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, vol. 12, no. 13, pp. 3248–3260 (2018).
- [12] Montero C. M., Gaspariano L. A. S., Lopez C.S., Gonzalez-Diaz V. R., On the electronic realizations of fractional-order phase-lead-lag compensators with OpAmps and FPAAs, in Fractional Order Control and Synchronization of Chaotic Systems, 2nd ed., Springer, Switzerland, vol. 688, pp. 131–164 (2017).
- [13] Kapoulea S., Tsirimokou G., Psychalinos C., Elwakil A.S., Employment of the padé approximation for implementing fractional-order lead/lag compensators, AEU – International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 120 (2020).
- [14] Dogruer T., Tan N., Lead and lag controller design in fractional-order control systems, Measurement and Control, vol. 52, no. 7–8, pp. 1–12 (2019).
- [15] Khasawneh H. J., Abdelaal O., Al-Saaideh M. I., Abo-Hammour Z. S., Optimal lead compensator for two-loop control system of linear DC motor, in Proc. of IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Amman, pp. 634–639 (2019).
- [16] Kapoulea S., Tsirimokou G., Psychalinos C., Elwakil A. S., OTA-C implementation of fractional-order lead/lag compensators, in Proc. of Novel Intelligent and Leading Emerging Sciences Conference, Giza, pp. 38–41 (2019)
- [17] Qader M. R., Identifying the optimal controller strategy for DC motors, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 101–114 (2019).
- [18] Miao Z., Lu Z., A single-cycle-lag compensator based active camping for digitally controlled LCL/LLCL-type grid-connected inverters, IEEE Transactions of Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 1980–1990 (2020).
- [19] Pan D., Ruan X., Wang X., Direct realization of digital differentiators in discrete domain for active damping of LCL-Type grid-connected inverter, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 8461–8473 (2018).
- [20] Osornio-Rios R. A., FPGA lead-lag compensator design for industrial control systems, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol. 76, pp. 733–736 (2017).
- [21] Barra H. M., Marcillo K. E. L., Rocha E. M., Nunes M. V. A., Araujo R. B., Junior W. B., A digital damping controller to increase the safety in hydraulic pumping systems, in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications (INDUSCON), Sao Paulo, pp. 176–181 (2018).
- [22] Chen S., Wu X., Chen J., Tan G., Wang Y., Second-order lead compensator-based quadrature PLL for sensorless interior permanent magnet synchronous motor control, IET Power Electronics, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 568–575 (2020).
- [23] Garg M. M., Hote Y. V., Pathak M. K., Design and performance analysis of a pwm dc–dc buck converter using pi–lead compensator, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 3607–3626 (2015).
- [24] Ahmad F., Hameed Z., Rehman S. U., Efficiency improvement of a hybrid power system using lead-lag Compensator (LLC), in Proc. of International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies, Lahore, pp. 1–6 (2020).
- [25] Blum J., Exploring Arduino: tools and techniques for engineering wizardry, 2nd ed., John Wiley and Son, Indianapolis (2013).
- [26] Chaouch S. et al., DC-motor control using Arduino-Uno board for wire-feed system, in Proc. of International Conference on Electrical Sciences and Technologies in Maghreb (CISTEM), Algiers (2018).
- [27] Bauer W., Janik A. K., Implementation of bi-fractional filtering on the Arduino Uno hardware platform, Theory and Applications of Non-integer Order Systems, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering,vol. 407, pp. 419–428 (2017).
- [28] Karar M. E., El-Brawany M., Embedded heart sounds and murmurs generator based on discrete wavelet transform, in Proc. of International Japan-Egypt Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (JEC-ECC), Cairo, pp. 34–37 (2016).
- [29] Yosafat S. R., Machbub C., Hidayat E. M. I., Design and implementation of pan-tilt control for face tracking, in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET), Shah Alam, pp. 217–222 (2017).
- [30] Phillips C. L., Parr J., Feedback control systems, 5th ed., Pearson, New Jersey (2011).
- [31] Yepes A. G., Gandoy J. D., Malvar J., Effects of discretization methods on the performance of resonant controllers, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1692–1711 (2010).
- [32] Swarnakar J., Sarkar P., Singh L.J., Realization of fractional-order proportional derivative controller for a class of fractional-order system in delta domain, in: Choudhury S., Mishra R., Mishra R., Kumar A., (Ed.), Intelligent Communication, Control and Devices, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol. 989, Springer, Singapore (2020).
- [33] Jarzebowicz L., Opalinski A., Frequency and time domain characteristics of digital control of electric vehicle in-wheel drives, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 829–842 (2017).
- [34] Magdy G. et al., Tustin’s technique based digital decentralized load frequency control in a realisticmulti power system considering wind farms and communications delays, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 327–241 (2019).
- [35] Oppenheim A. V., Willsky A. S., Signals and systems, 2nd ed., Pearson Education, New Jersey (1996).
- [36] Kowalczuk Z., Discrete approximation of continuous-time systems: a survey, IEE Proceedings G (Circuits, Devices and Systems), vol. 140, no. 4, pp. 264–278 (1993).
- [37] Ogata K., Discrete-time control systems, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1995).
- [38] Smith S. W., Digital signal processing, Elsevier Science, Massachusetts (2003).
- [39] Dastjerdi A. A., Vinagre B. M., Chen Y., HosseinNia S.H., Linear fractional order controllers; A survey in the frequency domain, Annual Reviews in Control, vol. 47, pp. 51–70 (2019).
- [40] Pérez E. J, Cid A. J. D., Rodríguez P. H., Analog-based digital low-pass filter realization for mains noise using Arduino Mega 2560 default parameters, Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana (UNITEC), Honduras (2016).
- [41] Fekih S., Sfaihi B., Benrejeb M., On the sampling and the performance comparison of controlled LTI systems, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 218–225 (2018).
- [42] Rashmi R., Jagtap S., A comparative study of phase margin based digital and analog controlled synchronous buck with optimum LC filter, COMPEL – The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 2020–2039 (2019).
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-213ed506-bb23-4d23-a219-4305046ec102