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Tytuł artykułu

The Complexity of NATO’s Southeast European Defense

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The article examines the Southeast European security landscape and challenges, by analyzing not only the military dimension of security issues but pays attention to energy, transportation, and trading factors as well. Since 2014, the security dialogue between NATO members on Russian movements and its bilateral relations with several countries has been an increasing topic. As a result, some states, like Turkey started to build a less hostile relationship with Moscow, while others like Romania went openly against it. Changes in the security environment are heavily influenced by geopolitical and geo-economical ambitions and as a result, we could not divide into pure security sections any of those questions which appeared in the last six years regarding transatlantic security. We found that complexity and connectivity bring geopolitical dialogue into a more shady and challenging situation. The Mediterranean Sea is Europe’s main connection route to remote places like the Pacific region and Asia, therefore it is not a surprise why military strength building has started here in recent years.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono prognozowane kierunki rozwoju rozpoznania wojskowego w przyszłych konfliktach zbrojnych. Skoncentrowano się na trzech zasadniczych zagadnieniach: omówiono scenariusze wojen przyszłości stanowiące implikacje do zmian w strukturze systemu rozpoznania wojskowego, zwrócono uwagę na zmiany w sposobie prowadzenia działań militarnych wpływające na sposób organizacji systemu rozpoznania wojskowego oraz poruszono kwestie związane z prognozowanymi kierunkami rozwoju rozpoznania wojskowego. W artykule wykorzystano wnioski z doświadczeń zdobytych w czasie konfliktów militarnych w Iraku i w Afganistanie.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
11--34
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 57 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
  • Antall József Knowledge Center, Budapest, Hungary
  • National University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary
Bibliografia
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  • 18. Hodges, B. et al., “One Flank, One Threat, One Presence. A Strategy for NATO’s Eastern Flank”, https://cepa.org/one-flank-one-threat-one-presence/.
  • 19. Jones, J. L. et al., “US commits $1 billion dollars to develop Central European infrastructure.” https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/news/press-releases/us-commits-1-billion-dollars-to-develop-central-european-infrastructure/.
  • 20. Kandilarov, E., “Bulgaria external relations briefing: Bulgaria and the 'Three Seas Intiative'.” China-CEE Institute Weekly Briefing, Vol. 33, No. 4, https://china-cee.eu/2020/11/04/bulgaria-external-relations-briefing-bulgaria-and-the-three-seas-intiative/.
  • 21. Kirch, A., “Russians as a Minority in the Contemporary Baltic States.” Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 23, No 2, 1992, pp. 205–212.
  • 22. Kozma, K., “The Romanian Perspective on NATO.” NATO in the 21st Century: A Central European Perspective, T. P. Baranyi and P. Stepper (eds.), Budapest, 2019.
  • 23. Kramer, F. D., and Craddock B. J., “Effective Defense of the Baltics.” Atlantic Council, 6 May 2016, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/effective-defense-of-the-baltic/.
  • 24. Kuo, M.A., “Blue Dot Network: The Belt and Road Alternative.” https://thediplomat.com/2020/04/blue-dot-network-the-belt-and-road-alternative/.
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  • 27. Mitchell, W., and Grygiel J., The Unquiet Frontier: Rising Rivals, Vulnerable Allies, and the Crisis of American Power, Princeton University Press, 2017.
  • 28. Morris, D., “The Three Seas Initiative: A European answer to China’s Belt and Road?” The Interpreter, Lowy Institute, 26 Oct 2020, https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/three-seas-initiative-european-answer-china-s-belt-and-road/.
  • 29. Muschei, I., “Romania, the European Union and Russia.” https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/198449/1/ceswp-v08-i1-p110-119.pdf/.
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  • 31. Navigational Telex is a maritime communication system that allows ships to inform other vessels about their presence in an area as well as transfer other information, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkeys-navtex-alerts-reflect-its-determinedstance/2024654/.
  • 32. Pouliot, V., and Lachmann N., “Security Communities as Vectors of Regional and International Order.” Revue internationale et stratégique, Vol. 54, Issue 2, 2004.
  • 33. Presidential Results, https://edition.cnn.com/election/2020/results/president?iid=politics_election_national_map/.
  • 34. Rada, P., and Stepper P., “Hungarian perspective on NATO.” NATO in the 21st century – A Central European perspective, T. P. Baranyi and P. Stepper (eds.), Antall József Knowledge Centre, Budapest, 2019.
  • 35. Report by Elena Volochine, with Gulliver Cragg, https://www.france24.com/en/20190320-focus-crimea-sevastopol-portnaval-base-russia-navy-syria-war-operations-trade-tartus/.
  • 36. Roe, P., Ethnic Violence and the Societal Security Dilemma, Routledge, London, 2014.
  • 37. Romania hopes Constanta port to become important hub on the Belt and Road, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-09/11/c_137459208.htm/.
  • 38. “Romania’s Multinational Brigade - Bolstering NATO’S Tailored Forward Presence.” https://shape.nato.int/news-archive/2018/romanias-multinational-brigade-bolstering-natos-tailored-forward-presence-/.
  • 39. Shipping Routes from China, https://cargofromchina.com/shipping-routes/.
  • 40. Stanchev, H. et al., “Determination of the Black Sea area and coastline length using GIS methods and Landsat 7 satellite images.” Geo-Eco-Marina 2011, No 17, https://www.geoecomar.ro/website/publicatii/Nr.17-2011/03_stanchev_BT.pdf/.
  • 41. Stepper, P., and Szálkai K., “A biztonság szektorális értelmezése.” Publikon Kiadó, Pécs, 2015.
  • 42. Stepper, P., and Szálkai K., “NATO’s energy security agenda and its possible applications in the South Caucasus.” Caucasus International, Vol. 4, No 3/4, 2015.
  • 43. Stepper, P., “Magyarország hozzájárulása a NATO működéséhez.” Fókuszban, Vol. 4, No 2, 2019.
  • 44. Stepper, P., “Significant still complementary: NATO’s contribution to energy security.” Biztpol Affairs, Vol. 4, N 1, 2016.
  • 45. Strazay, T., “Regional cooperation formats in CEE and its their relation to the V4.” Central European and the Visegrad Cooperation, P. Stepper (ed.), Antall József Knowledge Centre, Budapest, 2018.
  • 46. Tailored Forward Presence, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136388.htm/.
  • 47. The 20th Anniversary of the United States – Romania Strategic Partnership, https://ro.usembassy.gov/20-years-strategic-partnership/.
  • 48. The Three Seas Initiative (3SI), http://www.mae.ro/en/node/52671/.
  • 49. Toucas, B., “The Geostrategic Importance of the Black Sea Region: A Brief History.” https://www.csis.org/analysis/geostrategic-importance-black-sea-region-brief-history/.
  • 50. TurkStream, https://turkstream.info/documents/.
  • 51. United States Ballistic Missile Defense Site at Deveselu Air Base in Romania, https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/avc/rls/162446.htm/.
  • 52. “US Says ‘In Compliance’ With Treaty After Russia Demands Washington Destroy Defense System.” https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-demands-u-s-destroy-missile-defense-system-in-romania-military-drones/29758623.html/.
  • 53. Vohra, A., “Trump Promised to End America’s Wars. Biden Might Actually Do It.” https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/06/trump-promised-to-end-americas-wars-biden-might-actually-do-it/.
  • 54. Vukov, N., “Bulgaria - The Importance of Being Outright: Bulgarian Reactions to the Ukrainian Crisis.” https://www.cultures-of-history.uni-jena.de/focus/ukrainian-crisis/bulgaria-the-importance-of-being-outright-bulgarian-reactions-to-theukrainian-crisis/.
  • 55. Walt, S., The Origins of Alliance, Cornell University Press, 1990.
  • 56. Wezeman, S. T., and Kuimova A., “Bulgaria and Black Sea Security.” https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2018-12/bp_1812_black_sea_bulgaria_1.pdf/.
  • 57. Wezeman, S. T., “Russia’s military spending.” https://www.sipri.org/commentary/topical-backgrounder/2020/russiasmilitary-spending-frequently-asked-questions/.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-20dfea26-9bef-4475-835e-8ee060804f19
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